Digitization of Adsorption Isotherms from "The Thermodynamics and Hysteresis of Adsorption''

Sorption isotherms collected from tables in the seminal dissertation, “The Thermodynamics and Hysteresis of Adsorption” by A. J. Brown, have been digitized and made publicly available, along with supporting software scripts that facilitates usage of the data. The isotherms include laboratory measurements of xenon, krypton, and carbon dioxide adsorption (and, when possible, desorption) isotherms on a single sample of Vycor glass1, at various temperatures including subcritical conditions for xenon and krypton. The highlight of this dataset is the collection of “scanning” isotherms for xenon on Vycor at 131 K. The scanning isotherms examine numerous trajectories through the adsorption-desorption hysteresis region, such as primary adsorption and desorption scanning isotherms that terminate at the hysteresis boundary, secondary scanning isotherms made by selective reversals that return to the boundary, and closed scanning loops. This dataset was originally used to test the independent domain theory of adsorption and continues to support successor theories of adsorption/desorption scanning hysteresis including more recent theories based on percolation models. Through digital preservation and release of the tables from Brown’s dissertation, these data are now more easily accessible and can continue to find use in developing models of adsorption for fundamental and practical applications.

Khoekhoegowab tone sandhi: New experimental evidence

Khoekhoegowab has a tone sandhi process that replaces each underlying tonal melody with an arbitrary secondary melody. This process at first appears to be an unusual example of a "left-dominant" sandhi process in the sense of Yue-Hashimoto (1987) or Zhang (2007). Within a given domain, the leftmost word retains its base from, but the other words undergo paradigmatic substitution; left-dominant systems typically involve spreading of a tonal melody rather than substitution. However, this description of Khoekhoegowab sandhi seems to break down when we consider verbs. Prior descriptions disagree as to whether verb sandhi depends on the placement of a tense-marking clitic (Haacke 1999) or the embedding status of the clause (Brugman 2009). This paper presents the results of a new prosodic production experiment aimed at resolving this conflict. The result is a hybrid generalization: verbs in matrix clauses undergo sandhi when preceded by a tense marker, but verbs in embedded clauses resist sandhi across the board. Thus, Khoekhoegowab continues to look like an exceptional left-dominant system: The verb and tense marking form a sandhi domain in matrix clauses (triggering sandhi on the verb whenever it is not leftmost within that domain), but in embedded clauses verbs form their own independent domain instead.

Distinctively Political Normativity in Political Realism: Unattractive or Redundant

Political realists’ rejection of the so-called ‘ethics first’ approach of political moralists (mainstream liberals), has raised concerns about their own source of normativity. Some realists have responded to such concerns by theorizing a distinctively political normativity. According to this view, politics is seen as an autonomous, independent domain with its own evaluative standards. Therefore, it is in this source, rather than in some moral values ‘outside’ of this domain, that normative justification should be sought when theorizing justice, democracy, political legitimacy, and the like. For realists the question about a distinctively political normativity is important, because they take the fact that politics is a distinct affair to have severe consequences for both how to approach the subject matter as such and for which principles and values can be justified. Still, realists have had a hard time clarifying what this distinctively political normativity consists of and why, more precisely, it matters. The aim of this paper is to take some further steps in answering these questions. We argue that realists have the choice of committing themselves to one of two coherent notions of distinctively political normativity: one that is independent of moral values, where political normativity is taken to be a kind of instrumental normativity; another where the distinctness still retains a justificatory dependence on moral values. We argue that the former notion is unattractive since the costs of commitment will be too high (first claim), and that the latter notion is sound but redundant since no moralist would ever reject it (second claim). Furthermore, we end the paper by discussing what we see as the most fruitful way of approaching political and moral normativity in political theory.

Classification and Detection of Wind Turbine Pitch Faults Through SCADA Data Analysis

The development of electrical control system faults can lead to increased mechanical component degradation, severe reduction of asset performance, and a direct increase in annual maintenance costs. This paper presents a highly accurate data driven classification system for the diagnosis of electrical control system faults, in particular, wind turbine pitch faults. Early diagnosis of these faults can enable operators to move from traditional corrective or time based maintenance policy towards a predictive maintenance strategy, whilst simultaneously mitigating risks and requiring no further capital expenditure. Our approach provides transparent, human-readable rules for maintenance operators which have been validated by an independent domain expert. Data from 8 wind turbines was collected every 10 minutes over a period of 28 months with 10 attributes utilised to diagnose pitch faults. Three fault classes are identified: “no pitch fault”, “potential pitch fault” and “pitch fault established”. Of the turbines, 4 are used to train the system with a further 4 for validation. Repeated random sub-sampling of the majority fault class was used to reduce computational overheads whilst retaining information content and balancing the training and validation sets. A classification accuracy of 85.50% was achieved with 14 human readable rules generated via the RIPPER inductive rule learner. Of these rules, 11 were described as “useful and intuitive” by an independent domain-expert. An expert system was developed utilising the model along with domain knowledge, resulting in a pitch fault diagnostic accuracy of 87.05% along with a 42.12% reduction in pitch fault alarms.

Using edge elements for modeling of 3-D magnetodynamic problem via a subproblem method

Introduction: The mathematical modeling of electromagnetic problems in electrical devices are often presented by Maxwell’s equations and constitutive material laws. These equations are partial differential equations linked to fields and their sources. In order to solve these equations and simulate the distribution of magnetic fields and eddy current losses of electromagnetic problems, a subproblem method for modeling a 3-D magnetodymic problem with the b-conformal formulation is proposed. Methods: In this paper, the subproblem method with using edge finite elements is proposed for coupling subproblems via several steps to treat and deal with some troubles regarding to electromagnetic problems that gets quite difficulties when directly applying a finite element method. In the strategy subproblem method, it allows a complete problem to define into several subproblems with adapted dimensions. Each subproblem can be solved on its independent domain and mesh without performing in whole domain or mesh. This easily supports meshing and decreases computing time. Results: The obtained results, the subproblem method with edge elements indicates magnetic flux densities and the eddy current losses in the conducting region. The computed results is also compared with the measured results done by other authors. This can be shown that there is a very good agreement. Conclusion: The validated method has been successfully applied to a practical test problem (TEAM Problem 7).

FAMILY CAREGIVER SOCIAL ISOLATION AND HEALTH: FINDINGS IN THE NATIONAL SURVEY OF CAREGIVING

Social relationships are important for family/informal caregiver health. Due to caregiving commitments caregivers are at risk for social isolation. Social isolation is associated with adverse health outcomes in the general population, but few studies have examined this association among caregivers. Employing the Convoy Model of social relations, we examined associations between caregiver self-reported health and social isolation—operationalized as a measure that included multiple domains and as specific domains modeled independently. Social isolation prevalence was 24.74% (n=2,175); mean health was 3.46 (SE=0.02) on a scale of 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent). In adjusted models, domain-inclusive social isolation was inversely associated with health (β=-.07; CI=-0.14,-0.02, p=0.01). In independent domain adjusted models, only participation in club activities was associated with health (β=-.22; CI=-0.35,-0.10, p<0.01). Social isolation predicted caregiver health, with club participation explaining much of the variance. Domain inclusive social isolation measures can identify targets for intervention studies to improve caregiver health.