The yield and feed capacity of alfalfa varieties in the conditions of the West Kazakhstan region

The purpose of the research is to conduct the comparative assessment of variable alfalfa varieties and to identify the most productive and adapted varieties to the conditions of the region with a view to their further zoning. The results of research on the study of alfalfa varieties – Karabalykskaya 18, Rambler, Ural’skaya sinyaya, Semirechenskaya mestnaya, Krasnovodopadskaya 8 are presented in this article. Data of the seed germination and plant preservation by years of life, yield and forage capacity of crops are given. Methods: field and calculation (to determine the feed capacity). Results. In the 2011 crops, according to the field germination, the variety of Karabalykskaya 18 (45.8 %) and Semirechenskaya mestnaya (42.8 %) were distinguished. According to 4-year data, the highest percentage of preservation in the variety of Karabalykskaya 18 (14.2 %) and Ural’skaya sinyaya (13.9 %). And the smallest number of preserved plants was noted in the alfalfa variety of Krasnovodopadskaya 8, it is amounted to 10.4 %. The crops produced more mass shoots in next year, due to somewhat high rates of spring precipitation and air temperature. And in terms of the percentage of preservation, the 2012 crops surpassed the previous ones. Thus, in the variety of Karabalykskaya 18 and Rambler, this indicator was equal to 15.1 % and 13.7 %, and in the zoned variety Ural’skaya sinyaya, 15.7 % of the herbage was preserved. The data of green mass yield determination and hay shows that three of the four varieties evaluated were exceed to the standard variety from 1.6 to 8.5 per 1 ha for the collection of green mass and from 0.2 to 2.4 c/ha for the hay harvest. In terms of feed capacity, the highest indicators are in the Karabalykskaya variety 18, and the lowest – in Krasnovodopadskaya 8. So, at the 5th year of life (sowing 2011), 48 cattles can be fed on 10 ha of crops of the first variety for a month, and the second – 41. On the grass stands of the zoned Ural’skaya sinyaya variety, the content of 43 cattles are permissible.

Influence of different sowing density in two varieties of maize. Part I. Relation to yielding

Summary A study was carried out to determine the effect of sowing density on the yield of maize of two different varieties. The field experiment was carried out in 2012–2014 at the Department of Agronomy of Poznań University of Life Sciences. The first-order factor was the variety: SY Cooky and Drim “stay-green”; the second-order factor was sowing density: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 plants per m2. Weather conditions during the maize growing seasons significantly influenced the values of the studied traits. Significantly the lowest green mass yield of maize was obtained at the sowing density of 6 plants m−2, and the highest for 10 plants m−2. The “stay-green” variety significantly responded to an increase in sowing density with reduced fresh weight of leaf blades of a single plant compared with the conventional variety. This indicated highly effective photosynthesis with a lower plant density per unit area, which is also the basis for effective absorption of solar radiation for these maize varieties.

Biochemical Assessment of Peas Pisum sativum Varieties

Seven peas (Pisum sativum L.) varieties different originated, i.e, X07P54, X06PWY, NDPO80138-B-2, CA1P, L020140, Wt6803 and Mir were studied. Biochemical assessment of fresh aboveground biomass and seeds of peas varieties were done. At the beginning of flowering stage the NDPO80138-B-2 and X07P54 were reported high levels for crude protein (22.33% and 21.87%), crude fibre (25.94% and 25.76%) and crude ash (10.39% and 9.47%). In technical maturity with high crude protein and crude fibre contents NDPO80138-B-2 (21.59% and 21.38%), X06PWY (19.95% and 21.36%), X07P54 (19.78% and 20.57%) and CA1P (19.60% and 22.53%) were distinguished; by calcium CA1P (2.09%), and by phosphorus Wt6803 (0.54%). More significant variability in phosphorus content (21.27%) and Ca:P ratio (25.65%) in fresh biomass was observed. The lowest coefficient of variation was found for crude fibre (5.43%), crude ash (7.81%) and crude protein content (9.00%). The variability of parameters in technical maturity was found low and ranges from 2.34% for crude protein to 9.27 for phosphorus. The green mass yield is positively correlated with the calcium content (r = 0.581), phosphorus (r = 0.316) and crude ash (r = 0.077) and the seed yield positive correlated with calcium content (r = 0.79). The relationships found between qualitative indicators could be used in the breeding programs of peas.

Crop formation and green mass quality of maize under the conditions of central agroclimatic region of Komi Republic

In the field experiment on the area of 100 m2 the impact of weather conditions on green mass formation and chemical composition of early ripe three-line maizehybrid DorkaMGT grown in the central agroclimatic region of the Komi Republic was studied. According tothe data of three vegetation seasons (2018-2020), the maize plants can form up to 56.5 t/ha green mass in the northern non-black earth region withthe sum of average daily active temperatures over 10 °C (GDD10) of about 1500 °C and a hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) of about 2. The decrease in GDD10 of 30 % and moderate precipitation (HTC = 2.3) resulted in a proportional decrease in green mass yield. During the growing season with abundant precipitation (HTC = 4), the production potential efficiency of maize plants fell significantly as evidenced by a decrease in yield by more than 4 times. The average yield of green mass over 3 years was 35.5 t/ha. No significant effects of vegetation conditions on the content of basic chemical elements and nutrients (sugars, protein) in plant biomasshave been revealed. The rate of visible photosynthesis of maize leaves reached 13-14 pmol CO2 / (m2s) during the period of intensive vegetative growth (phase of five leaves) and decreased during the transition to generative development (“heading of panicle” phase). In general, the data obtained indicate the possibility of growing early ripe maize hybrid Dorka MGT in the central agroclimatic region of the Komi Republic to obtain high-quality green feed and silage.

Joint sowing of corn and soybean in forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia

The paper presents the results of studies on the cultivation of maise in joint crops with soybean in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in 2003-2005. The authors studied plant height and dynamics of green mass yield of maise and soybean. As a result of recording plant height, the authors observed that corn hybrid Ob 150 CB by 25-30 cm and corn hybrid Krasnodar 382 MB by 35-47 cm were higher in single-seeded crops by harvest than in joint crops, indicating the negative impact of soybeans on corn. The maise hybrid Krasnodarskiy 382 MB reacted more strongly to the depress- ing effect of soybean than the hybrid Obskiy 150 SV in terms of plant height. This comparison was especially noticeable when it was cultivated in joint crops with the early-ripening soybean variety SibNIIK-315. In the early stages of development, the height of soybean plants in single-species and different variants of common crops did not practically differ. However, starting from the phase of fruit formation, the authors observed a decrease in the height of soybean plants in the row with maise and its increase in the intercropping. By harvesting, the difference between the height of soybean plants of the variety October 70 in the row and across the row was on average 11-24 cm. At the same time, the soybean plants of the variety October 70 were lower in the row with maise and higher in the row spacing than in the single-seeded crop. The height of the plants proves not only the principle of competitiveness but also the effect of the high range of tiering, which forces the legume component to reach for the light. In a mixture with the late-ripening maise hybrid Krasnodarskiy 382 MB, the early-ripening soybean variety contributed to a more significant decrease in the green mass yield of maise than the late-ripening soybean variety October 70. Harvesting, conducted on 2-6 September, showed that joint crops of maise, regardless of early maturity, provided a green matter yield of 23.7-40.1 t/ha. This yield was 49% and 14% lower than in the single-species crops of early maturing hybrid maise Ob 150 CB and 2-3 times lower than the mid-season hybrid Krasnodar 382 MV. The nature of the interspecific relationships indicates a more significant negative impact of early maturing soybean variety SibNIIK-315 on the productivity of maise and especially the medium-maturing hybrid Krasnodarskiy 382 MV, where the differences with the single-species sowing showed the most significant value – 51 %.

ACOMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF THE LEGUMES ON THE NATURAL AND SEEDED FODDER AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI

The flora of the Altai Mountains is characterized by a rich variety of representatives of the Fabaceae family, which are found in a wide range of habitats and under various anthropogenic loads. The genera Astragalus L. and Oxytropis DC. are the most numerous in terms of species diversity. Many representatives of the genera Vicia L., Trifolium L., Hedysarum L., Latirus L., Melilotus Mill., Medicago L., Pisum L. are good forage plants. The vegetation in the steppe grasslands of the Altai Mountains indicates the presence of predominantly intensive grazing farm animals, in which there is the formation of transient communities by reducing the participation of the prey species and the role of not eaten, eaten bad, harmful and poisonous plants. At the same time, the share of the legume component in the living ground phytomass in meadow steppes is quite high (25–50 %), in real steppes it is about 5–28%, and in desolate steppes – 11–17 %, which is largely due to the species diversity of legumes and their adaptability to natural, climatic and anthropogenic factors. Species Onobrychis arenaria, Medicago falcata are found in the meadow steppe, and Astragalus austrosibiricus, A. tibetanus, A. brevifoliu, and Oxytropis argentata are found in the steppe pastures, which develop a good green mass and have relatively high morphometric indicators. Astragalus testiculatus, A. laguroides, A. dilutes, Oxytropis pumila, Hedysarum gmelinii, Gueldenstaedtia monophylla, and harmful pasture plants – Thermopsis mongolica, Caragana pygmaea – are adapted to drier stony habitats. Of the wild relatives of cultivated plants from familia Fabaceae in the flora of the Altai Mountains there are more than 10 species. According to the results of environmental testing of 13 varieties of annual legumes (Vicia L., Pisum L., Glycine L.), it was found that they are characterized by higher rates of green mass yield (by 12–16%) than traditional varieties of these crops in the mid-mountain zone of the Altai Republic.

The evaluation of economically important traits of promising genotypes of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.)) in the south of Central Siberia

Исследования проводились в сухостепной зоне Республики Хакасия в 2018–2020 годах с целью оценки и отбора перспективных селекционных образцов ломкоколосника ситникового по хозяйственно ценным признакам. Материалом исследований служили 16 образцов, высеянных семенами, и 8 сортообразцов вегетативного способа размножения, отобранных из питомника исходного материала 2015 года посева и в дальнейшем проанализированных в селекционных питомниках. В качестве стандарта взят сорт селекции Якутского НИИСХ Манчаары. В период вегетации проводились учёты и фенологические наблюдения за развитием растений. Работа проведена в соответствии с методическими указаниями по селекции кормовых культур. Исходя из биологических особенностей ломкоколосника ситникового, с целью увеличения урожайности семян для дальнейшей селекционной работы при вегетативном размножении их можно получить уже на второй год жизни. По основным показателям семенной продуктивности в селекционном питомнике вегетативного размножения отобраны образцы А 1, А 2, А 6 и А 12, также эти биотипы отмечены и по скороспелости: период от начала вегетации до созревания семян составил 88–94 дня. По кормовой продуктивности достоверная прибавка получена у А 1, А 2, А 6, А 10, А 12. В селекционном питомнике семенного размножения по основным показателям кормовой продуктивности выделены номера А 1, А 3, А 4.1, превышающие стандарт (сорт Манчаары) по продуктивности зелёной массы в 1,4–1,8 раза, по продуктивности сухой массы — в 1,2–1,6 раза. В этом питомнике образцы сформировали продуктивные стебли только на третий год жизни. The research was conducted in the dry steppe of the Republic of Khakassia in 2018–2020 to evaluate and select promising genotypes of Russian wildrye. The objects of this study were 16 genotypes grown from seeds and 8 genotypes of vegetative reproduction obtained from the nursery of parent material in 2015. Variety “Manchaary” from the Yakutian Agricultural Research Institute performed as the standard. Plant phenology was analyzed according to the recommended methods for forage crop breeding. To increase seed yield for plant breeding vegetative reproduction of Russian wildrye can be of great importance allowing seed production in the second year already. Genotypes A1, A2, A6, and A12 showed the highest seed productivity in the nursery of vegetative reproduction. They also were characterized by rapid maturation: the period from germination to maturation amounted to 88–94 days. A1, A2, A6, A10, and A12 had significant forage yield increase. Genotypes A1, A3, and A4.1 showed the best feed productivity in the nursery of seed reproduction. They exceeded the standard by 1.4–1.8 times in green mass yield and 1.2–1.6 times — in dry mass productivity. Genotypes formed productive stems only in the third year in the nursery.

The effectiveness of forage production from hybrid alfalfa and red clover under various seeding rates

Полевые опыты проведены в 2017–2020 годах на опытном поле кафедры растениеводства и плодоовощеводства Красноярского государственного аграрного университета в УНПК «Борский» (Сухобузимский район Красноярского края), расположенном в лесостепной зоне. Посев многолетних бобовых трав был проведён в 2017 году. Люцерну гибридную высевали с нормами 5, 10, 15 и 20 кг/га, клевер луговой — с нормами высева 5, 10 и 15 кг/га. Контрольными были нормы высева, рекомендованные в лесостепной зоне Сибири для люцерны гибридной и клевера лугового, — 15 кг/га. Учёты урожайности зелёной массы проведены фазу цветения в 2018–2020 годах. Целью работы являлось определение эффективности производства кормов из люцерны гибридной и клевера лугового при различных нормах высева. Доля влияния нормы высева на урожайность зелёной массы люцерны гибридной составляла 25,8%, клевера лугового — 10,6%. Самый высокий вклад в рост урожайности зелёной массы вносило взаимодействие факторов «норма высева × год». Регулирование нормы высева при любых погодных условиях приводило к высокой реализации адаптивного потенциала многолетних бобовых трав и повышению урожайности зелёной массы. Максимальная урожайность зелёной массы люцерны гибридной получена при высеве с нормой 5 кг/га, клевера лугового — при 15 кг/га. Производство кормов из люцерны гибридной и клевера лугового при всех исследуемых нормах высева являлось рентабельным и экономически эффективным. Использование многолетних бобовых трав для производства зелёной массы при нормах высева, показавших максимальную урожайность, позволило снизить затраты на производство кормов за счёт роста урожайности и снижения себестоимости в сравнении с прочими исследуемыми нормами высева. Лучшей нормой высева люцерны гибридной с экономической точки зрения была норма 5 кг/га с рентабельностью 212,2%, клевера лугового — контрольная норма высева (15 кг/га) с рентабельностью 93,2% The field trial took place at the Department of Crop, Fruit and Vegetable Production of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University in 2017–2020. Perennial legume grasses were planted in 2017. Seeding rates of hybrid alfalfa were 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1, red clover — 5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1. Seeding rates recommended for Siberian forest-steppe were considered as standard — 15 kg ha-1. Green mass yield was calculated at flowering stage in 2018–2020. The research aimed at testing the effectiveness of forage production from alfalfa and clover under various seeding rates. Only 25.8% of alfalfa productivity and 10.6% of clover yield resulted from the effect of seeding rate. Seeding rate–year interaction had the highest impact on green mass production. Optimization of seeding rate led to higher crop adaptability and green mass yield regardless of weather conditions. The highest green mass productivity of alfalfa happened under the seeding rate of 5 kg ha-1, red clover — 15 kg ha-1. Fodder production from both hybrid alfalfa and clover was economically effective regardless of seeding rate. Perennial legume grasses decreased costs for feed production due to their yield increase and lower prime costs under the most effective seeding rates. The alfalfa seeding rate of 5 kg ha-1 was the most profitable, the payback amounted to 212.2%. Seeding 15 kg ha-1 of red clover resulted in payback of 93.2%

Agro-economic efficiency in radish-arugula intercropping as a function of green manuring and population density

The vegetables intercropping practice triumph in family farming depends on several production factors, including the crops involved, green manuring and plant density of component crops. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess whether there is agro-economic viability in the radish-arugula intercropping, in different equitable amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on base dry) and in diverse arugula population densities (40, 60, 80 and 100% of that recommended density for single crop - RDSC), combined with 100% of the RDSC for radish in two cropping years. The characteristics, the commercial productivity of radish roots and the arugula green mass yield were evaluated and in the intercropped system, the agronomic indices: land equivalent ratio (LER), intercropping advantage (IA), actual yield loss (AYL), productive efficiency index (PEI), score of the canonical variable (Z), and the economic indicators: gross income (GI), net income (NI), rate of return (RR) and profit margin (PM). The greatest agro-economic advantages of the radish-arugula intercropping were achieved with an LER of 1.64, PEI of 0.86, Z of 1.54, GI of R$ 45,543.92 ha-1, NI of R$ 24,662,31 ha-1, RR of R$ 2.20 for each real invested, and PM of 56.37%, respectively, in the combination of 65 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass and arugula population density of 100% of the RDSC, corresponding to the density of 1 million plants per hectare.

New narrow-leafed lupin variety Belorozovy 144

The article presents the description of a new feed middle-ripening narrow-leafed lupin variety. Its vegetation period takes 88–103 days. The average grain yield is 25–30 cwt/ha, the potential one — 40 cwt/ha. The average green mass yield is 340–400 cwt/ha, the potential one — to 6000 cwt/ha. The content of grain raw protein is 33.0–36.0%; the alkaloid content is 0.027–0.050%.