scholarly journals Use of Leaf and Fruit Morphometric Analysis to Identify and Classify White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Genotypes

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Lo Bianco ◽  
Fabio Mirabella
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
White Mulberry ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Classification Tool ◽  
Apical Tooth

Digital image analysis and multivariate data analysis were used in this study to identify a set of leaf and fruit morphometric traits to discriminate white mulberry (Morus alba L.) cultivars. The trial was conducted using three- to five-year-old potted cuttings of several white mulberry cultivars. 32 leaf morphometric descriptors were recorded in 2011 and 2012 from 11 mulberry cultivars using image analysis of scanned leaves, whereas six fruit descriptors were recorded in 2011 from nine mulberry cultivars. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to identify a subset of measured variables that could discriminate the cultivars in trial. Biplot analysis, followed by cluster analysis, was performed on the discriminant variables to investigate any possible cultivar grouping based on similar morphometric traits. LDA was able to discriminate the 11 cultivars with a canonical function, which included 13 leaf descriptors. Using those 13 descriptors, the Biplot showed that over 84% of the variability could be explained by the first three factors. Clustering of standardized biplot coordinates recognized three groups: the first including ‘Korinne’ and ‘Miura’ with similar leaf angles and apical tooth size; the second including ‘Cattaneo’, ‘Florio’, ‘Kokusò-21’, ‘Kokusò-27’, and ‘Kokusò Rosso’ with similar leaf size and shape; and the third including ‘Ichinose’, ‘Kayrio’, ‘Morettiana’, and ‘Restelli’, with similar leaf margin. Fruit descriptors were fewer and measured on fewer cultivars, yielding smaller discriminatory power than leaf descriptors. Use of leaf morphometric descriptors, along with image and multivariate analysis, proved to be effective for discriminating mulberry cultivars and showed promise for the implementation of a simple and inexpensive characterization and classification tool.

The taxonomic status of Vaccinium pallidum, the hillside blueberries including Vaccinium vacillans

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 1559-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Vander Kloet
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Three hundred and seventy three specimens of Vaccinium § Cyanococcus were collected from 43 sites in eastern North America for taxonomic studies. Data collected using various techniques indicate that the hillside blueberries should be recognized as a single species for which the name Vaccinium pallidum Aiton has nomenclatural priority. Three characters, viz. plant height, leaf width and shape, and leaf margin, separate V. pallidum from V. angustifolium; plant height, growth habit, and leaf width separate V. pallidum from V. corymbosum; while leaf size and shape, glandular indumentum, and calyx pubescence separate V. tenellum from V. pallidum. Although V. pallidum and V. corymbosum are sympatric, only a few natural hybrids have been found among the collected material. Crossing trials among the species yielded experimental phenological data which corroborated the validity of these morphological groups.

scholarly journals Utilizing machine-learning-based 3D image analysis for classifying charred grape seeds to the varietal level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Landa ◽  
Yekaterina Shapira ◽  
Michal David ◽  
Avshalom Karasik ◽  
Ehud Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Archaeobotanical Remains ◽  
Classification Tool

Abstract Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an essential part of the oldest group of fruit trees around which horticulture evolved, currently includes thousands of cultivars, grown at numerous climatic conditions. Discrimination between these varieties has been traditionally conducted using ampelography, and in recent decades mostly by genetic analysis. However, when aiming to identify archaeobotanical remains, which are mostly charred- with extremely low genomic preservation, the application of the genomic approach is rarely successful. As a result, variety-level identification of most grape remains is currently prevented. Because grape pips are highly polymorphic, several attempts were made to utilize their morphological diversity as a classification tool, mostly using 2D image analysis technics, aiming to utilize these methods for the identification of fresh and archaeological specimens. Here, we present for the first time a highly accurate varietal classification tool, using an innovative and accessible approach for 3D seed scanning. The suggested classification methodology is machine-learning-based, using a complete set of 3D data obtained for each seed, applied with the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) registration algorithm and the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) technique. This methodology achieved classification results of ca. 90-99% accuracy when trained by fresh seeds to test unknown fresh seeds. Moreover, the classification of charred seeds reached up to 100% accuracy when trained by charred seeds. Based on this approach, our long-term aim is to develop a computerized classification tool for the identification of grape and possibly other species and varieties. Such a tool can significantly improve the fields of archaeobotany, as well as general taxonomy.

Morphometric Analysis as a Tool to Resolve a Taxonomic Complex in Myrcia sect. Calyptranthes (Myrtaceae, Myrteae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1016-1025
Author(s):  
George P. Burton ◽  
Keron C. St. E. Campbell ◽  
Eve J. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Associated Species

Abstract— Specimens attributed to Myrcia chytraculia and associated species form a complex within M. sect. Calyptranthes, occurring sympatrically throughout the Caribbean and Central America and sharing a continuously variable suite of morphometric traits. To ascertain whether species within this complex should be treated as separate or conspecific taxa, seven morphometric traits and a further two discrete characters are analysed using univariate and multivariate statistics. Leaf size and shape are found to be indicative of subspecies, and significant mean differences of traits can be found between groups, though they overlap throughout the range of the M. chytraculia complex. As a result of these findings, updated taxonomy for this group is proposed, creating the new combinations Myrcia chytraculia var. americana, Myrcia chytraculia var. pauciflora, and M. chytraculia var. zuzygium, as well as seven new synonyms. A distribution map and a key to the new varieties are also included.

An Overview on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Morus alba Linn.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Paul ◽  
Monami Rajiung ◽  
Kamaruz Zaman ◽  
Sushil Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Hans Raj Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
White Mulberry

Background: Morus alba Linn. commonly known as white mulberry, belongs to the family Moraceae, is a promising traditional medicine. In Asia, besides its use in the preparation of delicacies, every part of this plant is utilized in traditional medicine. Over the past decade, studies related to identification and isolation of biologically active compounds, with flavonoids as the major class of phytoconstituents, from this plant has been reported. These phytoconstituents are not only found to be beneficial for the maintenance of general health but also are associated with a range of potential pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective to name a few. Objective: This review aims to provide upgraded and comprehensive information regarding the phytochemical, ethnomedicinal use and pharmacological profile of the plant Morus alba Linn. Method: The significant information has been collected through various database viz. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct based on the recent findings, using different terms of Morus alba. Results: The outcome of the study suggests that Morus alba is a multifunctional plant numerous phytochemicals, and possess a range of pharmacological activities. Conclusion: The data assembled on Morus alba will be beneficial to trigger research in various fields of pharmaceutical and allied science to explore the medicinal importance of this unique plant.

Structures, bioactivities and future prospective of polysaccharides from Morus alba (white mulberry): A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 899-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xirui He ◽  
Jiacheng Fang ◽  
Yinlan Ruan ◽  
Xiaoxiao Wang ◽  
Yin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morus Alba ◽  
White Mulberry

The impact of leaf shape on the feeding preference of insect herbivores: experimental and field studies with Capsella and Phyllotreta

1996 ◽  
Vol 351 (1348) ◽  
pp. 1671-1677 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Shape Effects ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
The Impact

Leaves display an enormous array of sizes and shapes. Although these attributes appear to have evolved primarily in response to abiotic conditions in the plant’s habitat, the importance of insect herbivores as additional selective agents is still poorly understood. A necessary requirem ent for leaf size and shape to evolve in response to attack by insects is that insects must respond to and/or be affected by, leaf morphology. We tested leaf-shape preferences in adult flea beetles ( Phyllotreta spp.) feeding on the highly variable rosette leaves of Capsella bursa-pastoris . Contrary to theoretical expectation (Brown & Lawton 1991), leaves with deeply lobed margins were more intensely damaged, both in field-collected and experimental plants. In two ancillary experiments with Capsella , we found that Spodoptera caterpillars showed no preferences for leaf shape, but that adult vine weevils ( Otiorhynchus sulcatus ) did, preferring (as predicted), undivided over divided leaves. We conclude that Brown & Law ton’s (1991) hypothesis is at best weakly supported by laboratory data for vine weevils, refuted by laboratory data for Spodoptera , and consistently refuted by both laboratory and field data for flea beetles. Although the experiment tried to reduce confounding variables to a minimum, interpretation was complicated by correlations between leaf shape and other developmental parameters of the plants, and highlights the difficulty of disentangling leaf-shape effects from other confounding factors.

scholarly journals Air-drying temperature changes the content of the phenolic acids and flavonols in white mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Przeor ◽  
Ewa Flaczyk ◽  
Monika Beszterda ◽  
Krystyna Eleonora Szymandera-Buszka ◽  
Justyna Piechocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
White Mulberry ◽  
New Compounds

ABSTRACT: The white mulberry leaves are typically available on the market in dried or encapsulated form. It was assumed in the study that appropriate drying of leaves of the white mulberry is significant for obtaining intermediate products with high content of compounds having anti-oxidative activity. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the temperature of mulberry leaves air drying on the content of phenolic acids and flavonols. It has been determined that the content of these compounds in the leaves depended on the drying temperature. Drying at 60 °C favored release of phenolic acids and flavonols from complexes and/or formation of new compounds. Their total content was 22% higher than in leaves dried at 30 °C. Drying at 90 °C reduced the phenolic acid and flavonol content by 24%. The most favorable drying temperature was 60 °C.

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