Calculation of the Sankey diagram for ship propulsion plants using online simulators

In recent years, the shipbuilding industry has been incorporating different technological innovations that adapt innovative techniques such as image correlation for 3D reconstruction, reduced order modeling methods for digital twins, pixel amplification techniques to measure vibrations, among other methodologies. The advancement of these methodologies help to obtain visual resources that allow a better understanding of a given phenomenon, which complements the results found numerically, analytically or experimentally. The present study collects data from different configurations of ship propulsion plants, which are based on real operating conditions. The operating conditions are given for fishing vessels; the "navigation" condition is selected as being the most frequent and the "fishing operation" as being the most energetically critical. These conditions are attached to the choice of the ship's propeller. For the propeller, the diameter, the number of blades and the length of the drive shaft from the main engine position to the propeller are considered. Three engine power levels (low, medium and high) are selected, represented by 300, 850 and 1300 HP engines. The aforementioned operating conditions are used to calculate the efficiency of the propulsion plant, obtaining several combinations. Furthermore, these configurations are expressed by means of Sankey diagrams and illustrations of the plant configurations in 3D using WebGL and Threejs libraries. Complementarily, these data are observed in an online simulator called "ShipSim", using "html" coding.

Detection of AIS Closing Behavior and MMSI Spoofing Behavior of Ships Based on Spatiotemporal Data

In marine transportation, many ships are equipped with AIS devices. The AIS data sent by AIS devices can help the maritime authorities and other ships obtain the navigation condition of the ship, thereby ensuring the safety of ships during navigation. However, when a ship is involved in illegal activities, the crew may close the AIS device or tamper with Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) in the AIS data. To detect these two kinds of behaviors, this paper designs the AIS closing detection algorithm and MMSI spoofing detection algorithm based on the spatiotemporal data provided by AIS and radar. As the radar data does not include the ship’s identification, the associated relationship between radar data and AIS data is difficult to determine in the multi-ship scenario. To solve this problem, the D-TRAP is defined in this paper, it is applied in the process of searching for the associated AIS points of radar trajectory points, when the number of effective AIS points is reduced caused by the above two behaviors, the association method used in the paper has better performance. In addition, real data and simulation data are used to verify the two algorithms. The verification results show that when the ship is simultaneously monitored by radar and AIS, and the monitoring process continues for a period of time, the AIS closing detection algorithm has good performance. When the ship is monitored by AIS and radar before and after MMSI spoofing, and both monitoring processes continue for a period of time, the MMSI spoofing algorithm has good performance.

Research on shore-based intelligent vessel support system based on multi-source navigation sensors simulation

Under the guidance of industry 4.0, peoples pay more attention to the intelligent equipment and system. Intelligent vessel without crew on board has acquired growing attention worldwide over the years. The navigation condition of intelligent vessel without crew at sea should be monitored and controlled by the shore-based intelligent vessel support system. The navigation-related data collected by the multi-source navigation sensors should be presented on the shore-based support system in an efficient and friendly way. This article presents a simulation model for multi-source navigation sensors such as echo sounder and electronic position-fixing system. Furthermore, this work proposes an efficient architecture for the shore-based support system by way of multi-source navigation sensors simulation. The results show that the simulation model of multi-source navigation sensors is efficient for the simulation of echo sounder and electronic position-fixing system. The shore-based intelligent vessel support system based on multi-source navigation sensors simulation can present navigation-related data and monitor the condition of intelligent vessel at sea.

Enhanced Navigation at Sea: an augmented reality-based tool for bridge operators

This paper presents the design framework, in which a Decision Support System (DSS) tool has been developed to assist the bridge operator during a challenging navigation condition. The present project would be another step for using state of the art, IT devices and hardware, to increase safety at sea mainly focusing on both collision and grounding avoidance. In this paper, the modules to detect an obstacle and to calculate the evasive route are based on a customized simulation model: such a model is able to represent the dynamic behaviour of a ship, including hydrodynamics, propulsion, and control effects. The suggested route selected by the decision support system and some environmental parameters coupled with some of the ship parameters are visualized on a smart “virtual bridge” exploiting virtual reality techniques. A suitable graphical interface has been developed and installed, in order to enhance the situation awareness. The project also focuses on the communication architecture, which relies on a publish-subscribe paradigm and is responsible to forward ship control parameters both to the virtual bridge and towards an ashore control centre, either for supervising or for remote control. Overall, both the potentiality and the limits of the proposed system have been critically discussed.

Modeling and fault diagnosis of flat inland navigation canals

This article regards the development of an analytical redundancy-based approach for detecting and isolating both sensor and actuator faults in flat inland navigation canals. Inland navigation networks are principally used for transport and are composed of many canalized natural rivers and artificial canals characterized by no slope. These canals are strongly affected by resonance phenomena, which can create waves such that the navigation condition might not be guaranteed. It is, therefore, required to ensure dealing with fault-free measured data and actuators. The proposed approach is based on the integrator delay zero model of the flat inland navigation canal. The proposed method is tested by considering the Cuinchy–Fontinettes navigation reach (in the north of France) to detect and isolate the occurrence of faults in the Cuinchy and Fontinettes level sensors and in the Cuinchy gate.

Modeling and dynamic simulation of propulsion plant for ocean-going fishing vessel

Considering the complexity of propulsion plant and the multiple operating conditions for fishing vessel, the modeling and simulation of ship engine propeller and net for the ocean-going fishing vessel are investigated. According to the matching theory of ship engine propeller and net, the relationships of them are analyzed. Furthermore, the motion balance equation and dynamic equilibrium equation are built for the translation system and rotation system of fishing vessel which can indicate the changing trends of propeller rotational speed or ship speed and propeller torque of thrust. Based on this, by setting up the simulation models of various subsystems, the simulation model of propulsion plant are built for the ocean-going fishing vessel. A trawler is considered to perform simulation tests in which start-up condition, normal navigation condition and trawling condition are taken into account. The simulation results illustrate the correctness and validity of modeling and simulation for propulsion plant system.

Case Study of Ship Squat in Sulina Channel Using NTPRO 5000 Navigational Simulator

paper presents a case study of ships passing through shallow and narrow waters in Sulina Channel. The method used in this research was simulation using NTPRO 5000 navigational simulator and it was studied the variation of ship squat, draft and under keel clearance for several military ships similar to Romanian Navy vessels, sailing with different speeds. The purpose of this research was to find out which ship types could navigate through Sulina Channel and what is the maximum speed they could pass without grounding due to ship squat. The integration of the trials results showed what the safe speed for each vessel was and it was concluded that the maximum speeds were 8, 12, and 16 knots. Also, a difference between desired and real speed was observed, caused by the restrictive navigation condition. Numerous researches are being done in ship squat domain and Sulina Channel is one of the canals where this phenomenon is studied, but squat simulation on military ships has never been done before in this canal.

Optimizing Study on Navigation Condition of the Outlet of Water Diversion Navigation Project from Yangtze River to Hanjiang River

The studies have been made on the layout and navigation condition at the outlet section of Water Diversion Navigation Project from Yangtze River to Hanjiang River based on the method with integration of models such as stream physics, remote controlled self-propelled ship, stream mathematics and ship manipulation movement mathematics. At first, it is introduced design proposal of navigation project for entrance of lower reach under the Gaoshibei ship lock section and merging estuary with Hanjiang estuary and then the detail analysis is made on various factors of the design proposal affecting the navigation conditions. Finally, it suggested optimizing layout satisfactory to the safety navigation through improvement of navigation conditions with adopted many engineering measures to the deficiency of design proposal on the navigation conditions.