Weil’s Disease Death Investigation and Outbreak Control Measures Instituted in the Field Area of a Family Health Center in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala—A Case Report

Introduction: Weil syndrome, a rare infectious disorder, is a severe form of the bacterial infection caused by Leptospira bacteria known as leptospirosis. Weil syndrome is characterized by dysfunction of the kidneys and liver, abnormal enlargement of the liver (hepatomegaly), persistent yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, whites of the eyes (jaundice), and/or alterations in consciousness. In most cases, Weil syndrome occurs among individuals who are exposed to affected animals. Case Presentation and Summary: The investigation of death was done by a team consisting of doctor, junior health inspector, and ASHA workers of the area. We did a qualitative approach of in-depth interview of the wife and daughter-in-law of the deceased for data collection. The patient’s name and other details are not revealed for anonymity. No particular statistical analyses are used for this case reporting. The CARE guidelines were followed for writing this report. Conclusion: Leptospirosis is a disease of outbreak potential and has high case fatality rate. Timely identification of cases and institution of preventive measures is very important in preventing outbreaks. The surveys conducted in the area did not reveal any signs of an imminent or ongoing outbreak of leptospirosis.

A review regarding virology, etiology, prevalence and associated risk factors of Hepatitis A.

Hepatitis A is an infectious disorder of the liver prompted by Hepatovirus A virus (HAV). It is a kind of viral hepatitis. It has naked nucleocapsid virus with a single stranded, positive polarity RNA. It is devoid of virion polymerase and has a single serotype. Transmission is via fecal–oral route. In contrast to Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus, blood borne transmission of HAV is infrequent because viremia is short-term and of low titer. Mostly instances, have few or no signs, specifically in younger ones. The virus replicates in the gastrointestinal tract and then spreads to the liver during a short-term viremic period. HAV is not cytopathic for the hepatocyte. Hepatocellular injury is triggered by immune attack by the cytotoxic T cells. The time among the infection and signs, in patients that progress them, is among two and six weeks. When the signs occur, they commonly last 8 weeks and might encompass nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, pain in abdomen and fever. Around 10 to 15 percent of patients undergo a recurrence of signs at some stage in the six months after the preliminary infection. Acute liver failure may also seldom occur, with this being extra regular in elderly. No antiviral medication is available. The most suitable test to diagnose acute infection is IgM antibody. Isolation of the virus from clinical samples is not done. Vaccine consists of killed virus. Administration of immune globulin in the course of the incubation can alleviate the disease.

Natural Product Emerging as Potential SARS Spike Glycoproteins-ACE2 Inhibitors to Combat COVID-19 Attributed by In-Silico Investigations

COVID-19 is a pandemic infectious disorder that emerged as a major outbreak for the community and health care system across the globe. Since the currently available drug therapeutics available for COVID-19 are prone to provide symptomatic and supportive relief, which has invited the entire scientist of all over the nations to investigate therapeutic drug candidates accompanied by anti-COVID-19 activity. The recognition of ACE2 mediated entry of SARS-CoV-2 encouraged us to investigate natural products as a potential inhibitor of the SARS spike glycoprotein-Human ACE2 complex. Using the strategy of molecular docking, we have assessed berberine, indigo blue, β-sitosterol, glycyrrhizin, indirubin, hesperetin, bicylogermacrene, β-caryophyllene, chrysophanic acid, rhein, curcumin, and eugenol for their inhibitory activity towards SARS spike glycoprotein-Human ACE2 complex. We have investigated including indigo blue, glycyrrhizin, β-sitosterol, indirubin, bicylogermacrene, curcumin, hesperetin, rhein, berberine with an affinity of -11.2, -10.9. -10.1, -9.8, -9.5, -9.3, -9.2, -9.1 and -9.0 kcal/mol respectively as in silico inhibitors of SARS spike glycoprotein-Human ACE2 complex which can vitalize the researchers for in-vivo assessment of these natural products.

Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 infection: Statistics from a single hospital in Iran

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic in early 2020. This infectious disorder has a heterogeneous course ranging from asymptomatic disorder to a critical situation needing intensive cares. In the current study, we present a report of affected patients admitted in a single hospital in Iran. Eighty-two hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were assessed. Demographic, clinical, and paraclinical parameters were gathered and statistically analyzed. The median age (IQR) of the patients was 57.32 (45.75, 70) years. At primary evaluation, fever was present in 45.12% of the affected individuals. The most common clinical symptoms were dyspnea (81.71%) and cough (65.85%). Totally, 12 (14.63%) and 14 (17.07%) of patients had low and high WBC counts, respectively. Lymphopenia was detected in 36 (43.9%) of patients, while 6 (7.32%) of patients had lymphocytosis. High levels of Il-6 were detected in 4 (4.88%) of patients. CRP levels were elevated in 69 (84.1%) of patients. The median (IQR) of hospitalization was 7 (5, 9) days. Totally, 26 patients (31%) were hospitalized in ICU. All patients were discharged with good health conditions except for one patient who died. The current study shows the heterogeneous clinical manifestations and paraclinical parameters of COVID-19 patients.