The Nature-Human Relationship: An Ecocritical Reading of Self in Keats’ Poem

This study analyzes the fusion of self and nature in John Keats's ode "Ode to a Nightingale" from ecocritical perspective. To do so, the ecocritical insights envisioned by Arne Naess, Bill Devall, George Sessions and Timothy W. Luke have been used as theoretical parameters to analyze the primary text. As the focus of the deep ecological trend, the uniformity between the human self and nature is represented in this text. This uniformity restores the significance of realizing the self with nature. This realization leads to the fusion. The fusion combines harmonious relationship between the self and nature to form a single entity. Due to this process, the selected primary text merges human beings and natural sublimity by means of a nightingale bird. When human beings cannot make positive attitude towards nature and act accordingly, their self does not get chance to be attached with nature. Nature is essential for all entities. The destruction of natural world causes the destruction of self. This destruction gets a solution only when there arises symbiotic bonding between human beings and nature. This bonding adds new knowledge in the existing scholarship being itself different from the previous research works.

Analisis Fenomena Tren Green Lifestyle Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Bangka Belitung

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang Analisis Tren Green Lifestyle Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Bangka Belitung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan faktor yang mempengaruhi tren green lifestyle pada mahasiswa Universitas Bangka Belitung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara lansung dan dokumentasi. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini guna menganalisis permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori ekosentrisme (deep ecology) dari Arne Naess yaitu dalam tiga nilai antara lain nilai normatif, nilai kebijakan, dan nilai gaya hidup. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa fenomena ini berkembang dan diketahui oleh mahasiswa lewat media sosial yang kemudian didukung oleh situasi lingkungan yang sedang menghadapi pandemi covid-19, kemudian didorong oleh beberapa faktor seperti tren gaya hidup dan juga lingkungan sosial yang akhirnya menciptkan kebiasaan baru dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mahasiswa di Universitas Bangka Belitung dalam bentuk gaya hidup ramah lingkungan. Kemunculan tren ini akhirnya memberikan cara baru dalam perubahan di diri individu untuk lebih sadar terhadap kelestarian lingkungan. Gaya hidup yang dikemas lebih ramah lingkungan dan juga memberikan inovasi baru untuk mengurangi timbunan sampah industri.

Analisis Deep Ecology Arne Naess terhadap Aktivitas Penambangan Pasir (Studi Kasus: Penambangan Pasir Merapi di Sekitar Sungai Gendol Cangkringan Sleman Yogyakarta)

Gunung Merapi merupakan gunung teraktif di Indonesia, sehingga setiap erupsi mengeluarkan material vulkanik berupa pasir dan batuan. Pada tahun 2010 Gunung Merapi mengalami erupsi dengan mengeluarkan material vulkanik sebanyak 140 juta m3 akibatnya sekitar 23 % material yang dikeluarkan memenuhi aliran Sungai Gendol. Pemerintah Kabupaten Sleman melalui kebijakannya mengeluarkan aturan untuk dilakukan normalilsasi aliran Sungai Gendol, selain bertujuan untuk menormalisasi aliran sungai potensi tersebut juga dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan mata pencaharian yaitu dengan mengambil pasir dan batu. Akibat dari adanya penambangan pasir dan batu lingkungan sekitar mengalami kerusakan, diantaranya vegetasi tumbuhan tidak dapat tumbuh, kerusakan jalan, debu yang beterbangan akibat truk pengangkut pasir dan batu. Dalam hal ini terkait dengan permasalahan yang terjadi disekitar penambangan pasir akan dikaji menggunakan platform deep ecology Arne Naess. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni menganalisis secara kritis mengenai aktivitas penambangan pasir Merapi yang ada di sekitar Sungai Gendol selain itu juga merumuskan solusi terkait permasalahan yang terjadi. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara studi pustaka, wawancara mendalam dengan pejabat kecamatan, dinas lingkungan hidup, penambang pasir, maupun dengan pengamatan lapangan. Teori Deep Ecology memiliki kelebihan di antaranya bertitik tolak dari ideologi keberlanjutan sistem ekologi membawa perubahan fundamental pada tatanan kehidupan sosial, ekonomi dan politik. Deep Ecology memandang bahwa makhluk hidup biotik maupun abiotik saling terkait sehingga harus dihormati dan dihargai. Kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat penambang pasir menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan lingkungan. Sumberdaya pasir atau batu bukan untuk dikuasai dan direduksi secara berlebih, namun dapat digunakan sebagai sarana memenuhi kebutuhan kehidupan vital manusia. Perubahan pandangan dan sikap yang arif dalam memperlakukan alam harus selalu dimiliki oleh seluruh masyarakat maupun pemerintah terkait.

DEEP ECOLOGY

O estudo da ecologia baseia-se nas interações entre os diversos organismos vivos em uma rede conectada chamada ecossistema. O termo foi cunhado em 1866 pelo biólogo alemão Ernst Haeckel como um estudo sistemático da inter-relação dos seres vivos na terra. Contudo, a partir do século 20, os impactos socioambientais herdados pela idade moderna, começaram a se tornar amplamente perceptíveis e criticados. Com isso, a partir desse instante, diversos movimentos ambientais surgiram, pautados em temáticas de sustentabilidade e consciência ambiental. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem o objetivo de verificar a perspectiva ecológica contemporânea, a partir das vertentes do movimento denominado Deep ecology. Para tanto, foi empreendida pesquisa bibliográfica para fomentar a compreensão histórica e filosófica da ecologia, bem como para o entendimento da origem da Deep ecology e suas supostas perspectivas teosóficas. Em 1970, o filósofo escandinavo Arne Naess (1912-2009) estabeleceu, com base nos pensamentos de Baruch Spinoza e outros filósofos, uma linha de pensamento sobre a responsabilidade humana em relação à natureza. Sua filosofia, buscava estipular uma ecologia profunda, a qual reestruturasse as concepções ecológicas modernas e antropocêntricas. Portanto, espera-se compreender as mudanças da concepção ecológica na história visando os impactos ambientais causados no século 19 e 20 enquanto pano de fundo histórico para melhor percepção da perspectiva da Deep ecology, a partir da década de 1970. Ainda se conclui incipientemente que o pensamento proposto por Naess estabelece, hoje, medidas ecológicas sustentáveis e eficazes para uma melhor cidadania planetária.

Bioacoustical Ethics: On Joakim Blattmann’s Treverk (9)

Based on the artwork Treverk (9) by Norwegian artist Joakim Blattmann, this chapter discusses whether it is possible to exhibit a tree in a gallery space and still respect the tree as having inherent value, in accordance with Arne Næss and George Sessions’ ‘Principles of Deep Ecology’. Aspects such as the artist’s intention, the origin of the materials and the installation of the final artwork are put into question and analysed from a deep ecological perspective. If the tree’s desire is to live, then chopping it up and presenting it as a human spectacle in a gallery space is not to respect its inherent value. Yet the chapter argues that Treverk (9) can still inspire ecological thinking by disturbing the anthropocentric world view and displaying a deep relationality between the artist and the tree.

Changing Atmospheres: The Proto-Ecological Landscapes of Nikolai Astrup

The innovative artist and smallholder Nikolai Astrup (1880–1928) spent most of his career devoted to portraying variations of his home village of Jølster. The early reception and framing of Astrup’s work as ‘national’ was, by large, a result of the budding national art institutions’ efforts towards unifying the diverse regional cultures into a single national identity. This chapter questions to what degree Nikolai Astrup’s artistic project adhered to a national agenda. Through the lens of ecocritical art history, Astrup’s art can be seen as an expression of proto-ecological sensibilities and a reaction to the environmental changes of his time. His landscape paintings often include humans working on the land, and appear to represent an opposition to the nature-culture dichotomy and the increasing separation between humans and their environment that occurred during Astrup’s lifetime. His representation of his surroundings was that of the place-specific, cyclical and particular. In this chapter, these characteristics of Astrup’s artistic project are discussed in light of Arne Næss’ notion of deep ecology.

Ice Art Ethics: On Olafur Eliasson’s Ice Watch

On the occasion of the publication of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report on Climate Change in 2014, a rather unique clock was installed in front of the Copenhagen City Hall. Olafur Eliasson’s Ice Watch (2014–2019) is an ecological artwork that aims to raise awareness about climate change by engaging its audience. The artwork consisted of twelve enormous ice blocks installed in the shape of a clock. Drops of water slowly dripped to remind the audience of the precarious situation that our planet is currently in. This chapter addresses and explores the paradoxical nature of ecological artworks, with Ice Watch as a case study. By drawing on Arne Næss’ concept of deep ecology and Donna Haraway’s call for ‘staying with the trouble’, this chapter explores whether anthropocentrism can truly be criticised by ecological artworks.

Vonnegut, Darwin, and the Tragical Satirical Arc of Human History in the Novel "Galapagos"

In 1985 Kurt Vonnegut produced a satirical novel entitled Galapagos, in which the author explored a possible earth set one million years in the future. Human beings “have quietly evolved into sleek, furry creatures with flippers, and small brains.”[1] Vonnegut posits a world in which human logic, derived from the functioning of three-kilogramme brains, has resulted in the downfall of the species, prior to the evolution of the seal-like creatures. This article explores the novel from an ecocritical perspective, including references to the work of Greg Garrard, Rachel Carson and Arne Naess. Charles Darwin’s work is also considered because the novel’s title and setting allude to his work on evolution. This article will argue that Vonnegut believes human beings should change their thought and behaviour patterns if we are to have an optimistic future. [1] This quote is from the blurb on the back cover of the Flamingo edition, 1994.

Donyi-Polo and Deep Ecology: A Select Reading of Mamang Dai’s Midsummer Survival Lyrics

The Adis of Arunachal Pradesh consider everything coming from nature as sacred and living. As opposed to the Christian theological teachings that regard humans as the conqueror of everything else on earth, in the Adi worldview, human beings do not occupy the center stage. Instead, the Adis believe in the intrinsic worth of all beings – both human and nonhuman, which exist on earth, as reflected in the Adi philosophy of ‘Donyi-Polo.’This paper attempts to study select poems from Mamang Dai’s book of poems Midsummer Survival Lyrics (2014) in the light of the philosophy of Donyi Polo. It also attempts to link this Adi worldview to the ecosophy of Arne Naess popularly known as ‘Deep Ecology.’