Packaging Design and the Changing Needs of End Consumers

With the rapid development of China’s economy, the society has entered the era of big data intelligence, leading to tremendous changes in people’s shopping methods. From the original way of shopping via traditional channels from street vendors and farmer’s markets to shopping via WeChat, Douyin, Taobao, Pinduoduo, and other digital e-commerce channels, online shopping has become the norm and an integral part of people’s life in the post-pandemic era. The shift from traditional offline shopping to online shopping calls for a change in design thinking, integrating food packaging design, consumer needs, and brand stories, reflecting individual characters and regional cultures, as well as incorporating traditional Chinese style and cultural elements.

Menelisik MENELISIK KEBUDAYAAN BANTEN MELALUI PEMANFAATAN MEDIA VIRTUAL

ABSTACT Indonesia has a variety of cultures that are formed from the diversity of ethnicities, languages, and races so that they have a value, characteristics and characteristics that are in accordance with the cultural origins of their respective regions or are often known as regional cultures. This study uses a type of literature study research in the process of obtaining information related to the research title. The purpose of this research is to find out about the process of investigating Banten culture through the use of virtual media in the digitalization era as a medium to preserve the philosophical values ​​contained in the culture in the Banten area. Virtual media in the era of digitalization is very easy to access so that it can provide an understanding process related to a culture by using information and communication technology. Keyword: Indonesia, Culture, Virtual Media

Folkways Lonto Leok Budaya Manggarai dalam Terang Pemikiran William Sumner Tentang Masyarakat Sebagai Kerjasama Antagonistic

As a large nation consisting of various regional cultures, Indonesia has various folkways, which are the skills and local wisdom of the Indonesian people. In Manggarai culture, one folkway that is most famous is lonto leok. Lonto leok is the life principle of the Manggarai community which expresses a sense of unity and oneness as a group of people. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the value of togetherness contained in folkways lonto leok. The methodology used is an interpretive method of the phenomenon of living with the Manggarai community in a comparative study with William Graham Sumner's thinking about society as an antagonistic collaboration. This study reveals that the Manggarai community was born from the antagonistic collaboration between tribes who fought each other in the past, which then united to form the Manggarai community as it is today. These historical traces are clearly revealed in the folkways lonto leok, which means collective deliberation. This study contributes to understanding the history of the unity of the Republic of Indonesia and how this unity is maintained.

Impact of regional cultures on the business performance of women entrepreneurs with special reference to small and medium enterprises in Pakistan

Women entrepreneurs’ role is considered crucial for the overall economic development and growth. Entrepreneurship is embedded in the cultural norms and values of the society, and it affects the way individual define their behavior, activities in terms of risk taking proactiveness, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the two cultural dimensions of Hofstede’s model i.e., Masculinity and Individualism on the business performance of women entrepreneurs with special reference to small and medium enterprises. The Masculinity side of this dimension represents a preference in society for achievement while individualism indicates greater importance on attaining personal goals. The study intends to analyze the relationship of women entrepreneurship with cultural dimensions individualism and Masculinity in Pakistan’s two culturally diversified regions, Gilgit-Baltistan and Islamabad, home to large numbers of women entrepreneurs. To capture the diversity of these regions by using the technique of purposive sampling, a sample of 374 was collected, 51% participants from the capital city and 49 % belonged to GB. The findings indicate that regional cultures within the context of Masculinity and Individualism have significant but antagonistic influences on the business performance of women entrepreneurs.

Expatriate Satisfaction and Motivation in Multinational Corporations

Employee satisfaction and motivation have an important influence on individual employees and the performance of companies. In international business and marketing, where expatriates play important roles, regional cultures and institutional factors impact their satisfaction and motivation. This chapter aims to find out what kind of regional cultures and institutions have an impact on employee satisfaction and motivation in multinational corporations (MNCs), using theoretical analysis and the results from around 100 Japanese expatriates’ questionnaires. It was possible to find the satisfaction and motivation-related characteristics of expatriates in MNCs from the results of their interviews and the questionnaire survey, which indicated that Japanese expatriates working in the USA, Singapore, and Indonesia had a higher job satisfaction degree than those working in cultural regions, such as China, Taiwan, and Australia. Moreover, the results showed that compared with other industries, in the sales and marketing industry, the Japanese expatriates had the lowest satisfaction degree after repatriation, although their satisfaction degree was higher during expatriation and after a career change. The reasons relating to regional cultures and institutions, and some methods and human resource management practices in international marketing and trading that were analyzed are expected to raise expatriates’ satisfaction and motivation.

A Conceptual Analysis Of Ancient Ecuadorian Faces Carved In Spondylus Shells

Shells, probably like no other product of nature, have played an important role in the history of mankind. The pre-Hispanic civilizations of Ibero-America also used certain type of shells profusely in their religious ceremonies, in particular, in Ecuador there were two species of main importance, the Spondylus princeps and the Spondylus calcifer broadly employed to manufacture ornaments that possess a strong symbolic, religious and social meaning and that were almost exclusively used by ruling classes. Among these ornaments, the faces carved on the Spondylus shells are little known. In the present study, we chose a total of fifteen (15) pieces from the Pastor Restrepo Lince´s archaeomalacology collection to understand the possible uses of these objects, through the interpretation of the gestures represented on the faces, their dimensions, and their geographical distribution in pre-Hispanic Ecuador. To achieve the proposed objective, we approach the present investigation from the perspective of the formal analysis of concepts, which is a mathematical theory of representation of knowledge, finding that these faces carved in Spondylus, were used daily or in special ceremonial occasions and that its use was common in all the regional cultures of ancient Ecuador, from the oldest such as Valdivia, and for more than 2000 years, indicating a long tradition of the use of Spondylus as an object of great symbolic and economic value until the arrival of the Spanish

Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the “Border Sociocultural Cluster” Concept in the Context of Modern Russian and Chinese Methodology

The term “cultural cluster” in recent years has been used extensively in the academic literature in the context of such areas as urban planning, cultural and economic geography, regional development, etc. However, the interdisciplinary aspect has deprived this term’s academic scope of a clear definition. The situation is complicated by the fact that the discussed concept implies an international component; therefore, its interpretation becomes even more specific. To solve this problem, the article presents a comprehensive review of the theoretical concepts of Russian and Chinese scholars. Based on the review, the author made a conclusion about a similar interpretation by Western and Chinese schools of thought of the sociocultural characteristics of a cluster with its sustainable competitive advantages, and also raised the question of the absence of a unified method of their measuring and evaluating. The author’s position is that the border sociocultural cluster is considered as a border formation of units with similar sociocultural characteristics (establishments of science and culture), which, through innovative mechanisms, raise the level of regional competitiveness. Proceeding from the intensification of clustering processes in the Russian-Chinese borderland, the author defines the features of the initial concept using the method of comparative studies, analyzes its specifics, focusing on the cultural and philosophical content (border ontological status, regional culture values, population’s similar ideological attitudes). The author compares Russia’s and China’s border areas clustering processes and determines their features. Thus, the clustering processes in the border areas of Russia and China as an innovative mechanism of the territories’ development are based, firstly, on the existing potential of regional cultures, which allows speaking about the sociocultural basis of this formation. Based on the above, the article substantiates the importance of including the scientific and educational component as a part of the sociocultural in forming the “border sociocultural cluster” concept. In conclusion, the author’s definition of the “border sociocultural cluster” is formulated, which, first of all, rests on cultural-philosophical reflection. Thus, the “border sociocultural cluster” is considered as a specific sociocultural formation, structured by the regional cultures of the border administrative-territorial units, but at the same time conditioned by the existence and functioning in three cultural dimensions – foreign, national and local. In this connection, the author proposes some recommendations for the border cluster policy development with an emphasis on the resources of a regional culture, which will contribute not only to strengthening the Russian cultural presence in the world, but also create favorable conditions for promoting the cultural and spiritual values of our country abroad.

Changing Atmospheres: The Proto-Ecological Landscapes of Nikolai Astrup

The innovative artist and smallholder Nikolai Astrup (1880–1928) spent most of his career devoted to portraying variations of his home village of Jølster. The early reception and framing of Astrup’s work as ‘national’ was, by large, a result of the budding national art institutions’ efforts towards unifying the diverse regional cultures into a single national identity. This chapter questions to what degree Nikolai Astrup’s artistic project adhered to a national agenda. Through the lens of ecocritical art history, Astrup’s art can be seen as an expression of proto-ecological sensibilities and a reaction to the environmental changes of his time. His landscape paintings often include humans working on the land, and appear to represent an opposition to the nature-culture dichotomy and the increasing separation between humans and their environment that occurred during Astrup’s lifetime. His representation of his surroundings was that of the place-specific, cyclical and particular. In this chapter, these characteristics of Astrup’s artistic project are discussed in light of Arne Næss’ notion of deep ecology.