Design of a Parallel and Scalable Crawler for the Hidden Web

The WWW contains huge amount of information from different areas. This information may be present virtually in the form of web pages, media, articles (research journals / magazine), blogs etc. A major portion of the information is present in web databases that can be retrieved by raising queries at the interface offered by the specific database and is thus called the Hidden Web. An important issue is to efficiently retrieve and provide access to this enormous amount of information through crawling. In this paper, we present the architecture of a parallel crawler for the Hidden Web that avoids download overlaps by following a domain-specific approach. The experimental results further show that the proposed parallel Hidden web crawler (PSHWC), not only effectively but also efficiently extracts and download the contents in the Hidden web databases

Is chest ultrasonography a reliable tool for the emergency diagnosis of traumatic pneumothorax. An Updated Meta-Analysis

Aims: A commonly encountered problem in emergency care is pneumothorax, identified by air present in pleural space, occurring spontaneously, principally because of trauma or pathogenic factors like a central venous catheter, mechanical ventilation, and biopsy. Employing Chest ultrasound for diagnosing pneumothorax in an emergency is currently investigated by many researchers. The present meta-analysis aimed to assess Chest ultrasound’s diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing the pneumothorax during emergencies. Material and Methods: Literature search of published articles in MEDLINE, Embase, Ovid, Scopus, and Journal on web databases from 2000 up to November 2020 were reviewed for the pre-described outcomes. Results: 12 articles were finally chosen for quantitative analysis. The overall sensitivity of ultrasound scan in pneumothorax diagnosis was 89% (95 % CI – 86 – 91%). Specificity was 96% (CI – 95% – 97%). The diagnostic odds ratio was 193.94 (59.009 – 637.40) at 95% CI, thus demonstrating greater chest ultrasound accuracy in diagnosing pneumothorax. Conclusion: A definite evidence of chest ultrasound accuracy was noted in pneumothorax.

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Ecuador: A revised checklist, new records and species of medical importance

Ecuador is one of the countries with the highest biodiversity in the world, this can also be seen in the Culicidae family. However, there are a limited number of studies on this group. This work provides a baseline reference for this insect group and information about numerous potential and vector disease species. Species names and records were extracted from the National Mosquito Reference Collection at INSPI-Quito, published literature and web databases. The specimens at the INSPI collection were identified using morphological keys and, in a few cases, using molecular markers in the genus Anopheles. An updated list includes the subfamilies Culicinae and Anophelinae, eight tribes, 22 genera and 200 species. We present 18 species cataloged as new records for Ecuador represented in two subfamilies, 6 tribes and 9 genera. Taxonomic notes, geographical distribution and medical importance data for the species involved are provided. The updated list of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) is a guide for researchers and health personnel when studying biodiversity, fauna, insect vectors and strategies to prevent the spread of vector diseases.

IFN-γ +874 A>T (rs2430561) gene polymorphism and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis: a meta-analysis

IntroductionThe role of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) +874 A>T (rs2430561) gene polymorphism has been evaluated in different ethnicities with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) infection, and inconsistent results have been reported. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the precise association between IFN-γ +874 A>T gene polymorphism and PTB susceptibility.Material and methodsA total of 21 studies comprising 4281 confirmed PTB cases and 5186 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis by searching the PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and Google Scholar web-databases.ResultsWe observed reduced risk of PTB in allelic contrast (T vs. A: p = 0.001; OR = 0.818, 95% CI: 0.723–0.926), homozygous (TT vs. AA: p = 0.017; OR = 0.715, 95% CI: 0.543–0.941), heterozygous (AT vs. AA: p = 0.002; OR = 0.782, 95% CI: 0.667–0.917), dominant (TT+AT vs. AA: p = 0.002; OR = 0.768, 95% CI: 0.652–0.906), and recessive (TT vs. AA+AT: p = 0.042; OR = 0.802, 95% CI: 0.649–0.992) genetic models. In ethnicity-wise subgroup analysis, reduced risk of PTB was found in the Caucasian population. However, we did not find an association with any of the genetic models in the Asian population.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the IFN-γ +874 A>T gene polymorphism is significantly associated with reduced risk of PTB, showing a protective effect in the overall and in the Caucasian population. However, this polymorphism is not associated with PTB risk in the Asian population.

LC–QTOFMS Presumptive Identification of Synthetic Cannabinoids without Reference Chromatographic Retention/Mass Spectral Information. II. Evaluation of a Computational Approach for Predicting and Identifying Unknown High-Resolution Product Ion Mass Spectra

Despite liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) enables untargeted acquisition, data processing in toxicological screenings is almost invariably performed in targeted mode. We developed a computational approach based on open source chemometrics software that, starting from a suspected synthetic cannabinoid (SC) determined formula, searches for isomers in different new psychoactive substances web databases, predicts retention time (RT) and high-resolution MS2 spectrum, and compares them with the unknown providing a rank-ordered candidates list. R was applied on 105 SC measured data to develop and validate a multiple linear regression quantitative structure–activity relationship model predicting RT. Competitive Fragmentation Modeling for Metabolite Identification (CFM-ID) freeware was used to predict/compare spectra with Jaccard similarity index. Data-dependent acquisition was performed with an Agilent Infinity 1290 LC-6550 iFunnel Q-TOF MS with ZORBAX Eclipse-Plus C18 (100 × 2.1 mm2/1.8 µm) in water/acetonitrile/ammonium formate gradient. Ability of the combined RT/MS2 prediction to identify unknowns was evaluated on SC standards (with leave-one-out from the RT model) and on unexpected SC encountered in real cases. RT prediction reduced the number of isomers retrieved from a group of new psychoactive substances web databases to one-third (2,792 ± 3,358→845 ± 983) and differentiated between SC isomers when spectra were not selective (4F-MDMB-BUTINACA, 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA 2ʹ-indazole isomer) or unavailable (4CN-Cumyl-B7AICA, 4CN-Cumyl-BUTINACA). When comparing 30/40 eV measured spectra of 99 SC against RT-selected, CFM-ID predicted spectra of isomers, the right candidate ranked 1st on median and 4th on average; 54% and 88% of times the right match ranked 1st or within the first 5 matches, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first case of extensive chemometrics application to toxicological screening. In most cases, presumptive identification (being based on computation, it requires further information for confirmation) of unexpected SC was achieved without reference measured information. This method is currently the closest possible to true unbiased/untargeted screening. The bottleneck of the method is the processing time required to predict mass spectra (ca. 30–35 s/compound using a 64-bit 2.50-GHz Intel® Core™ i5-7200U CPU). However, strategies can be implemented to reduce prediction processing time.

Automating Duplicate Detection for Lexical Heterogeneous Web Databases

Introduction: The need for efficient search engines has been identified with the ever-increasing technological advancement and huge growing demand of data on the web. Method: Automating duplicate detection over query results in identifying the records from multiple web databases that point to the similar real-world entity and returns non-matching records to the end-users. The proposed algorithm in this paper is based upon an unsupervised approach with classifiers over heterogeneous web databases that return more accurate results with high precision, F-measure, and recall. Different assessments are also executed to analyze the efficacy of the proposed algorithm for identification of the duplicates. Result: Results show that the proposed algorithm has greater precision, F-score measure, and the same recall values as compared to standard UDD. Conclusion: This paper concludes that the proposed algorithm outperforms standard UDD. Discussion: This paper aims to introduce an algorithm that automates the process of duplicate detection for lexical heterogeneous web databases.

SISTEM INFORMASI PEMESANAN TIKET PADA CV. GLOBAL TRANS SOLUTIONS

This web-based flight ticket booking system development is focused on the problem of web databases and web design that have the aim to provide information about booking tickets online using web media that can facilitate consumers or users of aviation services, where consumers do not need to come to the CV . Global Trans Solutions or aircraft fleet only to make reservations, but with this website can directly order tickets directly via the available web, the author only discusses the problem of web-based Ticket Booking Information System on CV. Global Trans Solutions using PHP and MySQL. The purpose of writing is to find out and design a web-based Ticket Booking Information System on CV. Global Trans Solutions using PHP and MySQL. Data collection needed in writing this research was obtained by two methods, namely literature study relating to the literature of library books and other scientific works, field studies by carrying out interviews, and direct observation of objects related to this research. Web-based Ticket Booking Information System on CV. Global Trans Solutions is carried out by one of the administrative staff and assisted by 2 (two) administrative staff in the field to record and input ticket booking data. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the web-based Ticket Booking Information System on CV. Global Trans Solutions has followed the procedure and used a computer with Visual PHP and MySQL programming languages ​​as its database.