focus theory
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2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Ann Vaughn ◽  
Patricia G. Burkins ◽  
Rachael D. Chalachan ◽  
Janak K. Judd ◽  
Chase A. Garvey ◽  
...  

Numerous major holidays celebrate socially gathering in person. However, in major holidays that happened during the pandemic, desires to nurture relationships and maintain holiday traditions often conflicted with physical distancing and other measures to protect against COVID-19. The current research sought to understand wellbeing during American Thanksgiving in 2020, which happened 8months into the COVID-19 pandemic, after months of physical distancing and stay-at-home orders. American Thanksgiving is a major holiday not limited to any religion. We asked 404 American adults how they spent Thanksgiving Day and to report on their experiences of that day. Predictors of wellbeing that we drew from self-determination theory were satisfaction of the fundamental needs for social connection (relatedness), for doing what one really wants (autonomy), and feeling effective (competence). The predictors of wellbeing that we drew from regulatory focus theory were a focus on growth (promotion), and a focus on security (prevention). We found that feeling socially connected and focusing on growth related most strongly to wellbeing. Additionally, participants who saw even one other person face-to-face reported significantly higher relatedness satisfaction, promotion focus, and wellbeing than those who did not. Our research could help construct persuasive messages that encourage nurturing close relationships at major holidays while remaining safe against the virus.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Ann Vaughn ◽  
Patricia Burkins ◽  
Rachael D. Chalachan ◽  
Janak Judd ◽  
Chase A. Garvey ◽  
...  

Numerous major holidays celebrate socially gathering in person. However, in major holidays that happened during the pandemic, desires to nurture relationships and maintain holiday traditions often conflicted with physical distancing and other measures to protect against COVID-19. The current research sought to understand well-being during American Thanksgiving in 2020, which happened eight months into the COVID-19 pandemic, after months of physical distancing and stay-at-home orders. American Thanksgiving is a major holiday not limited to any religion. We asked 404 American adults how they spent Thanksgiving Day and to report on their experiences of that day. Predictors of well-being that we drew from self-determination theory were satisfaction of the fundamental needs for social connection (relatedness), for doing what one really wants (autonomy), and for feeling effective (competence). The predictors of well-being that we drew from regulatory focus theory were a focus on growth (promotion), and a focus on security (prevention). We found that feeling socially connected and focusing on growth related most strongly to well-being. Additionally, participants who saw even one other person face-to-face reported significantly higher relatedness satisfaction, promotion focus, and well-being than those who did not. Our research could help construct persuasive messages that encourage nurturing close relationships at major holidays while remaining safe against the virus.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Lorenna Glenda Medeiros Dias ◽  
Rejane Alexandrina Domingues Pereira do Prado ◽  
Marli Auxiliadora da Silva ◽  
Jussara Goulart da Silva ◽  
Edson Arlindo Silva ◽  
...  

A Constituição Federal de 1988 trouxe modificações significativas na arquitetura e no funcionamento do Estado, possibilitando a criação de novas estratégias para viabilizar a formulação e a implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil. Contextualmente, pode-se dizer que o setor de saúde serve de modelo às práticas participativas de decisões compartilhadas e teve um papel importante no exercício do controle social, permitindo o protagonismo da sociedade civil organizada nos mais diversos espaços públicos, o que inclui decisões sobre políticas setoriais de prevenção e de combate ao tabagismo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência das advertências sanitárias com framing positivo e negativo nas embalagens dos cigarros na intenção de parar de fumar e na emoção (culpa e vergonha) dos fumantes sob a ótica da Teoria do Foco Regulatório em um contexto de Marketing Social. O estudo experimental possui o desenho fatorial 2x2, sendo duas advertências (apelo ao medo versus positiva) e dois focos regulatórios (promocional versus preventivo). Os resultados demonstraram que, apesar de os apelos de mídia não terem tido o efeito esperado, os fumantes com perfil promocional tendem a ter uma maior intenção de parar de fumar do que os fumantes preventivos. Os resultados contribuem com a temática, pois ainda não há consenso quanto à influência de mensagens dessa natureza na intenção de uso dos fumantes, colaborando também com insumos para os formuladores de políticas públicas. As conclusões relevantes deste estudo, no que tange ao framing positivo e negativo, apontam que a relação entre esses dois polos pode ser justificada pelo fato de o uso da nicotina gerar vício e, por isso, o fumante pode necessitar de tratamento médico para conseguir parar de fumar e não apenas de uma comunicação persuasiva.CIGARETTE AND HEALTH: instructing positively or provoking fear?Abstract The Federal Constitution of 1988 brought significant changes in the architecture and functioning of the State, making possible the creation of new strategies to enable the formulation and implementation of public policies in Brazil. In this context, it can be said that the health sector serves as a model for the participative practices of shared decisions and played an important role in the exercise of social control, allowing the protagonism of the organized civil society in the most diverse public spaces, which includes decisions on sectoral policies to prevent and combat smoking. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the influence of health warnings with positive and negative framing on cigarette packs in the intention to quit smoking and in the emotion (guilt and shame) of smokers from the perspective of the Regulatory Focus Theory in a context of Social Marketing. The experimental study presents a 2x2 factorial design: two warnings (appeal to fear versus positive) and two regulatory focuses (promotional versus preventive). The results have shown that although media appeals did not have the expected effect, smokers with a promotional profile tend to have a greater intention to quit smoking than preventive smokers. The results contribute to the theme, since there is still no consensus regarding the influence of messages of this nature on the use intention of smokers, also collaborating with inputs for public policy makers. The relevant conclusions of this study, regarding the positive and negative framing, point out that the relationship between these two poles can be justified by the fact that the use of nicotine causes addiction and, therefore, smokers may need medical treatment to be able to quit smoking and not only persuasive communication.Keywords: Smoking. Public Policies. Regulatory Focus Theory. Positive and negative Framing. Social Marketing


Author(s):  
E. Tory Higgins ◽  
Emily Nakkawita

Self-discrepancy theory and regulatory focus theory are two related motivational theories. Self-discrepancy theory describes the associations between self and affect, positing that the relations among different sets of self-concepts influence a person’s emotional experience. A discrepancy between a person’s ideal self-guide (e.g., hopes and aspirations) and his or her actual self-concept produces dejection-related emotions (e.g., sadness), whereas a discrepancy between a person’s ought self-guide (e.g., duties and obligations) and his or her actual self-concept produces agitation-related emotions (e.g., anxiety). The intensity of these emotional experiences depends upon the magnitude and accessibility of the associated discrepancy. Regulatory focus theory builds on self-discrepancy theory, positing that distinct self-regulatory systems are reflected in the two types of self-guides proposed in self-discrepancy theory. The promotion system is motivated by ideal end-states, by pursuing hopes and aspirations; as a result, it is primarily concerned with the presence or absence of positive outcomes—with gains and non-gains. Given this focus on gains and non-gains, the promotion system is motivated by fundamental needs for nurturance and growth. In contrast, the prevention system is motivated by ought end-states, by fulfilling duties and obligations; as a result, it is primarily concerned with the presence or absence of negative outcomes—with losses and non-losses. Given this focus on losses and non-losses, the prevention system is motivated by fundamental needs for safety and security. The promotion and prevention systems predict a range of important variables relating to cognition, performance, and decision-making.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leann K. Lapp

There exists substantial literature describing how the two motivational systems of promotion and prevention (Regulatory Focus Theory; Higgins, 1997) influence behaviour. However, the specific cognitive correlates of regulatory focus remain unclear. Furthermore, how regulatory focus may influence the course of cognitive aging is unknown. Experiment 1 compared healthy older and younger adults on Higgins' measure of self-discrepancy and explored relationships with cognition. Experiment 2 compared younger adults induced into either a promotion or prevention focus relative to a no-induction control condition on measures of cognition. The results from Experiment 1 revealed that while the magnitude of self-discrepancy remains constant across the lifespan, the evaluation and content of self goals changes with age. The results from Experiment 2 suggest that the effects of the regulatory focus induction are limited but specific to particular aspects of memory and perception. Overall, these findings may contribute to our understanding of aging and motivated cognition.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leann K. Lapp

There exists substantial literature describing how the two motivational systems of promotion and prevention (Regulatory Focus Theory; Higgins, 1997) influence behaviour. However, the specific cognitive correlates of regulatory focus remain unclear. Furthermore, how regulatory focus may influence the course of cognitive aging is unknown. Experiment 1 compared healthy older and younger adults on Higgins' measure of self-discrepancy and explored relationships with cognition. Experiment 2 compared younger adults induced into either a promotion or prevention focus relative to a no-induction control condition on measures of cognition. The results from Experiment 1 revealed that while the magnitude of self-discrepancy remains constant across the lifespan, the evaluation and content of self goals changes with age. The results from Experiment 2 suggest that the effects of the regulatory focus induction are limited but specific to particular aspects of memory and perception. Overall, these findings may contribute to our understanding of aging and motivated cognition.


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