Inovação Sustentável: o caso do fruto nativo do cerrado – Cumbaru – no assentamento Andalucia (Mato Grosso do Sul) ## Sustainable Innovation: the case of the cerrado native fruit – Cumbaru – in the Andalucia settlement (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil)

A maior preocupação em promover o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (DS) tem levado à ascensão das inovações sustentáveis, entendidas como as que integram benefícios ambientais, sociais e econômicos, e como diferencial competitivo. Em Mato Grosso do Sul, os abundantes frutos nativos do Cerrado, como o cumbaru, têm sido fonte de renda para famílias, contribuindo para a conservação da biodiversidade. O extrativismo do cumbaru no Assentamento Andalucia, em Nioaque (MS) ocorre desde 2005, onde a sua produção conquistou certificação do Instituto Biodinâmico (IBD) e foi criado o Centro de Produção Pesquisa e Capacitação do Cerrado (CEPPEC). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever como são as caraterísticas das inovações sustentáveis na castanha de cumbaru no Assentamento Andalucia. Por meio de um estudo de caso, apoiado em entrevistas, observação e pesquisa documental, levantaram-se as inovações de produto e processo relacionadas à castanha; verificou-se existência de inovação aberta; identificaram-se inovações referentes à rotulagem ambiental; classificaram-se as inovações identificadas e associaram-se as inovações classificadas às dimensões fundamentais do DS. A extração e produção da castanha de cumbaru é hoje uma das atividades que impulsiona a vida dos assentados como importante complemento de renda. A própria castanha de cumbaru é entendida como uma inovação e o conhecimento adquirido, especialmente na parceria com outras instituições, incluindo universidade, permeou a inovação aberta e sustentável, associada a outros tipos de inovação. O estudo reforça as evidências de outros estudos em organizações rurais do cerrado brasileiro e contribui para o fortalecimento do campo da inovação aberta e sustentável em países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil.ABSTRACTThe growing concern in promoting Sustainable Development (SD) has led to the rise of sustainable innovations, understood as innovations that integrate environmental, social, and economic benefits, as well as a competitive differential. In the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) (Brazil), abundant native fruits of the Cerrado, such as cumbaru, have been a source of income for families, contributing to the conservation of biodiversity. Cumbaru has been extracted since 2005 in the Andalucia Settlement, Nioaque (MS), where its production was certified by the Instituto Biodinâmico (IBD) and was created the Cerrado Research and Training Production Center (CEPPEC). This study investigated the sustainable characteristics of innovations in cumbaru chestnut in the Andalucia Settlement. We conducted a case study, supported by interviews and observations, to study process innovations related to cumbaru chestnut. The existence of open innovation was observed. Innovations related to environmental labeling were identified, which were classified and associated to the fundamental dimensions of SD. The extraction and production of cumbaru chestnut is currently one of the activities that propels living conditions of settlers of Andalucia, as an important income supplement. The cumbaru chestnut itself is understood as an innovation for the settlers and the knowledge acquired, mainly in partnership with other institutions, such as university, based on open and sustainable innovation, associated with another types of innovation. The study reinforces the results of other studies in rural organizations in Brazilian cerrado and contributes to the strengthening of studies on open and sustainable innovation in developing countries like Brazil.

Environmental risks insurance in Slovakian market

Research background: Environmental policy becomes actual worldwide problem and globalization process is closely related with rising of environmental risks. To manage such process needs to accept preventive measurements, but also to apply financial mechanisms for remediation of possible environmental damages. Purpose of the article: Presented contribution is orientated to the evaluation of possible insurance of environmental risks. Methods: The main approach to research is analysis of environmental taxes in tax system of Slovakia, when data had been obtained from tax system SR. Findings & Value added: Analysis showed there are the so called normative means (orders, bans, directives, norms, regulations etc.), financial-economic means (environmental taxes and fees) and voluntary means (EMS, EMAS, and Environmental Labeling etc.). One of useable financial means is to prevent the appearance of environmental risks. Countries have different forms of environmental insurance. The developed economies have a wide spectrum of insurance products and different approaches of insurance of environmental risks contributing to the minimization of the consequences of environmental damages. Information from the contribution can be used as financial guarantee for potential polluters and in the field of environmental risks management, as well as providing of financial securities of the companies. The limitation of the research is difficulty to obtain data, especially in area of environmental risks insurance there is only small amount of historical data to evaluate the situation.

Why do Logging Firms Reject Environmental Labeling in Central Africa? A Case Study of Forest Certification in Cameroon

This article aims to understand why extractive firms in the industrial logging industry in central Africa are reluctant to certify or label their activities. The methodology is based on three empirical case studies of logging companies in Cameroon: one opposed to certification and labeling (the model), the other is in the process of being certified (intermediate case) and the last is certified (negative case). The preferred option followed by this study was to avoid the copying of the first case by prospecting an intermediate case. The "negative" case permitted the model to be saturated. The comparative analysis of data collected highlighted some key obstacles to the commitment to environmental labeling: corruption, low turnover, high certification cost and the source of capital.

ANÁLISE DE EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR MULTICAMPI E UMA NOVA PROPOSTA DE ROTULAGEM AMBIENTAL

The expansion of Brazilian higher education institutions (HEIs) organized in multicampi structures brought a significant complexity to the academic and administrative management. In this context, environmental management strategies become quite relevant, especially when considering the low effectiveness of the Brazilian Labeling Program (BLP) for the classification of buildings in practice. The main objective of the present paper is to evaluate the BLP efficacy as applied to HEI buildings, aiming to develop a new environmental labeling model for multicampi HEIs. For this purpose, the BLP was applied to the labeling of Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí (IFPI), employing data obtained from electricity bills between 2016 and 2018. The energy diagnosis was performed considering distinct indicators,performance indexes, levels and rankings of relative energy efficiency, from which energy efficiency labels could be developed. The results allow the verification of the low efficiency of the BLP, especially in the environmental labeling of HEIs. From the detailed analysis of bills, it is possible to develop environmental labels inspired by the BLP, resulting in a different approach. A novel type-II environmental labeling methodology is then introduced based on the breakdown of electricity bills and statistical methods.

A Proposed Framework on the Affective Design of Eco-Product Labels

There was a shift in sustainability consumption in the last decade that stimulated new strategies for ecological friendly industries and new product innovations. Environmental labeling is a marketing technique used to inform consumers that a company has employed a process to protect the environment. However, uncertainty remains concerning how eco-labels influence consumers. Buying green products can elicit emotion in consumers. When consumers buy eco-products, they feel that they are helping save the environment. Products provide certain emotional benefits and therefore affect mood and behavior. This study aims to examine how consumers who differ in environmental attitudes respond to eco-labels. Aside from this, it wants to determine the intensity and type of emotions elicited by these kinds of products based on a certain set of pre-purchase emotions. These emotions are still unknown. Also, it proposes the Green Emotion Model (GEM) 2.0 that correlates environmental attitudes, visual attention towards these eco-labels, emotion and the desirability of purchasing a product. This framework proposes that the environmental attitudes and awareness of consumers are crucial for them to look for this eco-label on a product. These environmental labels should be able to capture the attention of consumers and thus will provoke positive emotions and lead to the purchase of an eco-product.