Peculiar features of correlation between petrophysical signatures of rocks and distribution of geophysical heterogeneities in the Monchegorsk ore area (Kola Peninsula, northeastern Baltic Shield)

The current article presents stratified data on physical properties of rocks and ores from the Monchegorsk ore area (Kola region). The constructed petrodensity and petromagnetic maps reflect peculiar features of changes in petrophysical parameters of both Paleoproterozoic intrusive rocks and host rocks at the Archean basement of the area. To assess the complementarity degree of physical properties of the rocks and geophysical fields, we additionally analyzed the structure of geophysical anomalies (Δg, ΔZ) in the study area. It allowed constructing a distribution scheme for geophysical heterogeneity in the area and assessing their nature. The conducted studies showed that nickel-bearing and potentially nickel-bearing intrusions in the Monchegorsk ore area were highly dense, but composed of weakly magnetic rocks. Layering of the gabbro-labradorite massif of the Main Ridge is reflected in petrophysical parameters, i. e. endocontact gabbro and gabbronorite show an increased density and magnetic susceptibility compared to leucocratic gabbro and labradorite in the core of the intrusion. Thus, petrophysical data indicate a general increase in the basicity of the rocks towards the bottom of the intrusion. The discrepancy between intense geophysical anomalies and physical parameters of near-surface rocks of the block adjacent to the gabbro-labradorite massif of the Main Ridge in the southeast was revealed. This fact indicates a layer of dense rocks under the supracrustal basement rocks (a complex of gneisses and amphibolized volcanic-sedimentary rocks) and rocks of the Imandra-Varzuga structure. This layer can be composed of potentially nickel-bearing rocks of the Imandra complex, including intrusions of the clinopyroxene-wehrlite formation series exposed in some areas. According to the configuration pattern of the identified axes of local magnetic anomalies, the Archean blocks are considered isolated areas given the uniform pattern they create, i. e. Belomorian — isometric structures, Kola — linearly extended. Therefore, during transformation of the structural plan in the Paleoproterozoic, the Archean blocks gave differentiated responses to the emerging stress-strain state of the environment and were subject to heterogeneous deformations. The performed work, including integrated results of petrophysical studies with the analysis of the structure of geophysical anomalies in the ore region, is relevant in substantiating a strategy for prospecting for new ore occurrences and patterns of their localization, as well as for developing criteria for predicting industrial ores in the region. At the same time, the studies carried out make it possible to answer questions related to the reconstruction of the geodynamic settings that took place during the formation of the region’s crust.

Potential-productive intervals determination of the Tutleim formation in the central part of the Krasnoleninsky arch

The article presents the results of the Tutleim formation complex studies of core from 16 wells drilled on an area of 900 km2 near the Kamennaya crest of the Krasnoleninsky arch. The area is characterized by the variability of the structural plan, preserved from the time of deposits sedimentation, that might affect the structure of formation. Regionally traceable lithological units were used to describe different types of sections, which were firmly recorded on the core and on the logs. The article presents the results of the sections correlation, that shows the variability of the Tutleim formation through the area, identifies typical sections for the submerged, slope and crestal parts of the investigated field. The section may contain two reservoir intervals of different types: radiolarite and siliceous-phosphate layers with average porosity values of 7% and 15%, respectively. The radiolarite layers form the main potential-productive intervals, that are found in all types of sections on one or two stratigraphic levels: in the crestal sections only in the third unit, in the slope and submerged sections – in the first, second and third units. The phosphorite layer in the fifth unit is a characteristic singularity only of the crestal sections. The obtained results allow predicting the distribution of the potential-productive intervals of the Tutleim formation and its stratigraphic analogues in different areas with higher accuracy.

Variability in the composition of hydrocarbon compounds in the Jurassic oil-and-gas-bearing strata of the Kamennaya crest of the Krasnoleninsky arch (Western Siberia)

The article presents the results of hydrocarbon compounds extracted from open pores and blocked by resinous-asphaltene compounds pores in the Tutleim formation rocks (a stratigraphic analogue of the Bazhenov formation) and the underlying Jurassic deposits on the territory of the Kamennaya crest of the Krasnoleninsky arch investigation. The aim of the work was both to study the possible migration of hydrocarbons along the section and area and to assess the variability of the bitumen composition in rocks relative to the structural plan of the area of interest, along the section, as well as unconventional reservoirs. It is shown that the structural features and the assumed additional heating of the rocks lead to variety in the hydrocarbons composition not only in open, but also in blocked pores, both through the area of Tutleim formation distribution and in different intervals of one well. It was established that in the sediments organic matter, which may slightly differ in nature within the formation, can accumulate, and this leads to some differences in the generation, accumulation and migration of hydrocarbon compounds processes. It is shown that the process of migration of hydrocarbons from the underlying sediments also affects the bitumen composition in the rocks of the Tutleim formation.

Structure design and mechanical performance test of a direct ventricular assist device pneumatic flexible actuator

The purpose of this research is to overcome the shortcomings of the current direct ventricular assist device in structure design, material selection and design a pneumatic flexible actuator that can be used to drive a fully flexible cup-shaped direct ventricular assist device according to the human heart shape. In this study, the structural parameters of the flexible actuator are initially determined based on the existing research, then the flexible actuator model is constructed with SOLIDWORKS, then the model is imported into ABAQUS for finite element simulation, lastly, the actuator structure is optimized according to the simulation results. The flexible actuator is made by molding, and its mold is made by 3D printing. Finally, the final structural plan is determined by testing the mechanical properties of the flexible actuator. The pneumatic flexible actuator designed in this research can be combined into the required direct ventricular assist device in a reasonable way, which will provide ideas for the design of a fully flexible direct ventricular assist device.

PLANNING GREEN SPACES FOR PALESTINIAN CITIES IN THE ABSENCE OF A SHAPELINESS IMAGE FOR THE CITY’S LANDSCAPE(TULKARM CITY AS A MODEL)

Green spaces consider an important need in balancing urban activity on the one hand and the residential, health, and shapeliness environment of the city on the other hand, which requires planning studied vision to persevere the balance between population growth, urbanization, and green spaces in the city. This study aims to identify the reality of planning in Palestinian cities (Tulkarm as a model ) and the extent to which green spaces are affected by Israeli measures and their ability to sufficient the requirements of the population, in addition to, give an aesthetic image to the city’s landscape. This was done by conducting field surveys and interviews with the relevant authorities in institutions Planning, implementation, and use of Geomolg systems for geospatial information in Palestine. The study reached the main conclusion that there is an increase in urban growth in the structural plan of the city, and a lack of green spaces as a result of, the inability to expand the structural plan, which was planned in the year (2006 AD) due to the Israeli measures, which led to a distortion of the aesthetic image of the city, and a decrease in the individual's possession of Green areas, which amounted to ( 0.4m²) of the area of the structural plan amounting to (13790.351) acres (dunums)also the study reached several recommendations to contribute to solving this problem.

GROTTOES THAT HAVE SURVIVED TO THE PRESENT DAY FROM ISTANBUL'S HISTORICAL GARDENS AND THEIR ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

Since the 18th century, water elements in new forms have been added to the diversity of water elements that are very rich in the design of Ottoman gardens. One of the most commonly used elements in garden arrangements in Istanbul during this period is the grottos, which are artificial caves. Aim: Considering the examples of these structures in Istanbul, it is seen that many of them have disappeared, and those that have survived to the present day have conservation problems. It is necessary to research the design and structural plan of the grottoes, the materials used and the decoration program so that the necessary restoration and conservation work can be carried out. For this reason, this study aimed at determining the design properties of the grottoes in historical gardens in Istanbul. Method: Within the scope of the study, grottos located in Yıldız Palace, Maslak Pavilions, Beykoz Pavilion, Emirgan Grove, Abraham Pasha Grove and Mizzi Mansion garden were architecturally evaluated in detail. Result: The grottos in historical gardens in Istanbul were created by covering the surfaces of a bearing structure created using stone, brick and iron supports with a mortar, natural or artificial stones to form a cave. The basic principle in the design is to obtain a natural look. Grottoes resembled cascades with the water that usually flowed in a stepped way were also used to grow plants on them, to create a strolling area in the garden, or as a watch area. Conclusion: With this study, it has been observed that in order to protect the grottos in the historical gardens of Istanbul, it has been seen that it is necessary to prepare their inventories, to reveal conservation problems and to do more research on the subject.

Reflection in modern processes on the earth’s surfaces of earth crust structures (on the example of Kovyktinskoye fild)

One of the possible methods for assessing the latest movements in the relief of the earth's surface is described, which is based on the detection of a relief–forming process that characterizes the result of the interaction of endogenous and exogenous forces. As a result of the simulation, the structural plan of the Nizhngheangarsky Formation of the Kovyktinskoye field is consistent with the manifestation of modern tectonic movements. The established patterns made it possible to make an assumption about the increased safety of hydrocarbon deposits.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE GEODYNAMIC SETTINGS IN THE AREA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN LINK OF THE MAGELLAN MOUNTAINS, PACIFIC OCEAN

On the basis of a detailed bathymetric map of the area of the southeastern part of the Magellan Mountains constructed on the results of multi-beam echolocation, the authors performed a lineament analysis of the relief, distinguished linear relief objects, measured their azimuths, and built a rose-diagram of the direction of the area's lineaments. Models of the deep and near-surface deformation field of the area with the selection of blocks with the predominant stretching and the predominant compression are constructed. Along the lines of changing the sign of stress (block boundaries), block movements occur. The directions of the block boundaries are compared with the direction of the lineaments, and a conclusion is made about their spatial and genetic relationship. Systems of the direction of linear landforms and boundaries of deep and near-surface blocks partially correspond to four main systems of the global regmatic network indicating a significant influence of the latter on the structural plan of the area. The redistribution of stress values is associated with modern geological processes that lead to the formation of new features of the bottom relief and partial destruction of the old guyot surfaces.