Long-Term Perspectives of Human Resources in Georgia

we have analyzed Georgia’s population by country and by region, developed calculation methodology of occupied region’s population, analyzed quantitative condition of Georgia’s citizenship receiving persons and those with residency permit , natural increase and Natural increase coefficient are studied on the level of country and region. Based on research we made Georgia’s population and human resource (work force) quantitative forecast for 2025-2100 years. Also, it is mentioned, that for human resource drain, decrease and natural population growth it is important for economical politics to be completely revised and with that, happen the reforming of educational system in a way, that the development of technology-generating specializations and increase of research costs within at least 1.5 percent of GDP to be fully supported. Also, it is important to implement large projects in the regions, such as, for example "Anaklia Port". The Non-implementation of this kind of project specifically in region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti will decrease the population in nearest 45 years by 50 percent. The situation is similar in almost all regions of Georgia.

A simple and convenient method for determination of entrance into dormancy in woody plants

BACKGROUND: Bud dormancy is a quantitative condition that is gradually acquired and lost. Better and more convenient methods for assessment of the time of dormancy entrance of woody plants are highly needed. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a simple and convenient method for determination of dormancy in woody plants. METHODS: We employed a seasonal series of soft tipping of vigorously growing annual shoots and used the loss of ability of subtending lateral buds to break and grow as a measure of entrance into dormancy. RESULTS: There was a gradual decline in the ability of the buds to burst and grow during the month of July and early August, culminating with a complete loss of this ability. This coincided with the known time of growth cessation and dormancy induction in shoots of intact plants and occurred in the berry shrubs raspberry and black currant and the forest tree silver birch. CONCLUSIONS: The decline and loss of ability of the buds to grow during late summer is a direct expression of the entrance of buds into the state of endodormancy, rendering the tipping method a simple and convenient method for precise determination of the time of entrance into dormancy in woody plants.

Revisiting Bolgiano–Obukhov scaling for moderately stably stratified turbulence

According to the celebrated Bolgiano–Obukhov (Bolgiano, J. Geophys. Res., vol. 64 (12), 1959, pp. 2226–2229; Obukhov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 125, 1959, p. 1246) phenomenology for moderately stably stratified turbulence, the energy spectrum in the inertial range shows a dual scaling: the kinetic energy follows (i) ${\sim}k^{-11/5}$ for $k<k_{B}$, and (ii) ${\sim}k^{-5/3}$ for $k>k_{B}$, where $k_{B}$ is the Bolgiano wavenumber. The $k^{-5/3}$ scaling, akin to passive scalar turbulence, is a direct consequence of the assumption that buoyancy is insignificant for $k>k_{B}$. We revisit this assumption, and using the constancy of kinetic and potential energy fluxes and simple theoretical analysis, we find that the $k^{-5/3}$ spectrum is absent. This is because the velocity field at small scales is too weak to establish a constant kinetic energy flux as in passive scalar turbulence. A quantitative condition for the existence of the second regime is also derived in the paper.

THE USE OF ARCHIVAL LAND SURVEY DATA AT STUDY THE STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND ACCORDING TO REMOTE SENSING

The state data funds have a huge database of various land management information on the entire territory of the Russian Federation. This database requires constant updating and is now significantly outdated. In most regions, not inventory of agricultural land, there are no actual data about their qualitative, quantitative condition is not carried out soil, and geobotanical surveys, are not updated thematic maps of the status and use of lands. The article shows the possibility of joint application of the results of soil, geobotanical surveys and planning and cartographic materials with archival data of Landsat satellites. The features of identifying the processes of overgrowth of agricultural land according to the sensor Landsat Thematic Mapper are analyzed. The technology of accounting for the vegetation period in the recognition of agricultural land on satellite images is demonstrated.

Aperiodic sequences and aperiodic geodesics

We introduce a quantitative condition on orbits of dynamical systems, which measures their aperiodicity. We show the existence of sequences in the Bernoulli shift and geodesics on closed hyperbolic manifolds which are as aperiodic as possible with respect to this condition.