An Alfredian Reading Project

Chapter 2 compares the rhetorical tropes employed in the ‘Preface’ to The Anathemata (often overlooked in the scholarship) with those of the preface to King Alfred’s Old English translation of the Pastoral Care. This comparison establishes the idea of Jones’s artful construction of his ‘Preface’ as a manifesto for the cultural project of The Anathemata. Reflecting on the Alfredian rhetorical ideal of an English nation (and more specifically an English nation of Catholics) as both a medieval and a post-medieval construct, this chapter illuminates the direct challenge of Jones’s ‘Preface’ to Alfredian assertions of English hegemony. Key to this effort to disrupt the hegemony of British Christian history, this chapter argues, is Jones’s use of Latin and how this implicates the work of two other ninth-century writers—Asser and Nennius—in Jones’s dialogue with King Alfred.

Esbozo de un diccionario francés-español/español-francés de neologismos inherentes a los medios de comunicación: primera etapa dedicada a los préstamos

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo presentar, justificar y contextualizar un trabajo de investigación sobre los neologismos en francés y español contemporáneo utilizados en los medios de comunicación. Es de nuestro interés desarrollar a medio-largo plazo un estudio completo de la evidente hegemonía del inglés en la creación de nuevas lexías en este par de lenguas, su frecuencia de uso en los medios de comunicación, su combinatoria léxica, etc. Esta primera publicación está dedicada a los préstamos neológicos, como matrices externas (Sablayrolles, 2019). Asimismo, la interpretación de los resultados de nuestro estudio nos servirá para elaborar un diccionario bilingüe que acoja los neologismos de uso actual y presente en dichos medios. This article aims to present, justify and contextualise a research work on contemporary French and Spanish neologisms used in the media. The main objective is to develop in the medium to long term a comprehensive study of the evident English hegemony in the creation of new lexical units in this pair of languages, their frequency of use in the media, their lexical combinatorics, etc. This first publication is focused on neological loanwords as external matrices (Sablayrolles, 2019). Furthermore, the interpretation of the results of our study will be useful to elaborate a bilingual dictionary that includes the neologisms of current use and present in these media. Cet article vise à présenter, justifier et contextualiser un travail de recherche sur les néologismes en français et en espagnol contemporain employés dans les médias. Il est dans notre intérêt de développer à moyen-long terme une étude complète de l’hégémonie évidente de l’anglais dans la création de nouvelles lexies dans cette paire de langues, sa fréquence d’utilisation dans les médias, sa combinatoire lexicale, etc. Cette première publication est consacrée aux emprunts néologiques, en tant que matrices externes (Sablayrolles, 2019). En outre, l’interprétation des résultats de notre étude nous servira à développer un dictionnaire bilingue qui se spécialise dans les néologismes d’usage courant et présents dans ces médias.

“We Want Spanish Songs!”: Resilience in Latinx Students’ Making of Counterspaces

As the Latinx student population in the U.S. continues to grow, LatCrit is a crucial lens to understand students’ experience and resilience in the face of White supremacy and English hegemony. This paper explores Latinx students’ critical resilience in their making counterspaces with their peers of other races. I conduct individual interviews and focus group discussions with 21 fourth graders. Through thematic analysis, I find racism manifests in the Latinx and the other students’ attitudes towards Spanish songs. But in focus group discussions Latinx students create counterspaces with non-Latinx students as they disrupt English dominance and deficit-based narratives about the Latinxs. I call for researchers and educators to recognize Latinx students’ critical resilience and create peer dialogue opportunities that allow diverse students to create racially exclusive and inclusive counterspaces.

John Hardyng

The English chronicler John Hardyng (b. 1378–d. c. 1465) had a colorful career before settling down to write his two versions of British history in the 1450s and 1460s. Born in Northumberland, he served in the household of Sir Henry Percy (b. 1364–d. 1403) from the age of twelve, where he learnt the art of warfare and fought in numerous battles, including the Battle of Shrewsbury (1403). Later, he served Sir Robert Umfraville, fighting alongside him in Scotland and in the first years of Henry V’s French campaign (1415–1416). In 1418 Henry V sent Hardyng to Scotland to survey the topography of the realm and seek out evidence of English overlordship. Promised a substantial gift for his espionage, Hardyng returned after three and a half years, but Henry V’s untimely death deprived him of his prize. He remained unrewarded until the 1440s, when Henry VI honored the late king’s promise and granted Hardyng an annuity. By this time Hardyng’s patron, Sir Robert, was dead and Hardyng had taken up residence in the Augustinian Priory at Kyme, Lincolnshire. It was here that he began writing his first account of British history in Middle English verse. Surviving in a single manuscript, which was presented to Henry VI and his family in 1457 along with a map of Scotland and several of the Scottish documents recovered for Henry V, Hardyng’s Chronicle draws primarily on Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Britanniae, Robert Mannyng’s Chronicle, and a Latin Prose Brut to give an account of British and English affairs from the mythical founding of Britain by Brutus to 1437. Using the historical issue of English hegemony over Scotland as an ideological touchstone to unite divided Englishmen, the Chronicle sought to promote unity amidst the social, economic, and political instability that precipitated the Wars of the Roses. Within a few years of presenting the work and receiving another reward for his service, Hardyng began revising the text for Henry VI’s political rival, Richard, duke of York. The second Chronicle rewrote history to explain York’s superior claim to the throne, but it retained Hardyng’s call for unity among Englishmen and continued to use the issue of Scottish independence as a means of rallying his peers against a common foreign enemy. When the duke of York died in December 1460, Hardyng continued revising his text for York’s son, Edward IV, who took the throne from Henry VI in March 1461. Though Hardyng died before completing his revised narrative, numerous copies of the near-complete chronicle circulated in and around London in the 1460s and 1470s, helping to explain the Yorkist pedigree. It was the second version of the Chronicle that influenced Sir Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur and which was later taken up by the Tudor printer Richard Grafton, who issued two prints in 1543 because of its relevance to the Anglo-Scottish wars in his own time. Grafton’s prints ensured the popularity of the Chronicle among Tudor historiographers and its influence on later writers, such as Shakespeare, Spenser, and Milton.

Skippyjon, Spanglish, and Stereotypes

This case study engages Latinx Critical Race Theory to explore how a course on bilingualism, bilingual education, and Latinx youth in a Midwestern teacher preparation program developed preservice teachers' critical race and cultural consciousness. Through an emphasis on English hegemony and centering Latinx voices, the preservice teachers began to develop a critical consciousness around the interconnectedness of culture and language and were able to understand Skippyjon Jones as an example of what not to choose when critically selecting Latinx children's literature. They became increasingly adept at identifying and disrupting stereotypes and discerning more culturally authentic and sustaining pedagogical choices.

‘The Rose of Sharon’

This chapter explores metropolitan and colonial English thinking about England’s place in Europe from the Reformation of the sixteenth century to the Glorious Revolution of 1688, including the emergence of primitive ideas about English hegemony from the pens of Francis Bacon and James Harrington. It also looks at the impact of foreign affairs on England’s domestic politics, including the Civil War and the Restoration. And it shows how the early colonization of North America, from Hakluyt’s narratives to the revolutions in Boston and New York in 1688, via John Winthrop’s Long March and Oliver Cromwell’s Western Design, was conducted in close and conscious union with thinking about the European system and the peace of Christendom.