Professional Doctorates: International Experience and Russian Context

The diversification of forms and types of doctoral programs is currently a global trend. Universities across the globe offer programs that differ in the modes of training, characteristics of the target audience, and possible labor markets after graduation. In Russia, doctoral education exists in a unified format, focusing primarily on the academic labor market. Recently, there have been discussions about the need to expand the range of programs and the types of academic degrees in Russia. In this article, we present the analysis of professional doctoral programs: in response to what challenges and needs they appeared, how they are implemented, in what forms they exist. In addition, we consider the Russian experience of implementing professional doctoral programs; analyze the existing opportunities and barriers for their development. Based on the analysis, we came to a conclusion about the relevance of the professional doctoral programs’ development in Russia, the expediency of simplifying the conditions for their implementation and legitimizing special requirements for the design of dissertations with an applied orientation.

Gender and Globalization of Academic Labor Markets: Research and Teaching Staff at Nordic Universities

In this article, we investigate how the globalized academic labor market has changed the composition of teaching and research staff at Swedish, Norwegian, and Finnish universities. We use national statistical data on the gender and country‐origin of universities’ teaching and research staff between 2012 and 2018 to study how the globalized academic labor market has influenced the proportion of women across career stages, with a special focus on STEM fields. We pay special attention to how gender and country‐origin are interrelated in universities’ academic career hierarchies. The findings show that the proportion of foreign‐born teaching and research staff rose substantially at the lower career level (grade C positions) in the 2010s. The increase was more modest among the most prestigious grade A positions, such as professorships. The findings show significant national differences in how gender and country‐origin of staff intersect in Nordic universities. The study contributes to research on the gendered patterns of global academic labor markets and social stratification in Nordic universities.

Academic Expatriation to Emerging Economies: A Career Perspective

Although the globalization of the academic labor market offers many advantages to academic institutions and their students, less is known about its (dis)advantages for academic expatriates’ careers. This paper seeks explanations of how academic expatriates aspire to invest in their careers in emerging economies by engaging both with the evidence of intelligent career theory, and with the literature on academic expatriation to emerging economies and on higher education. On the basis of these different streams of the literature, this paper identifies and outlines the institutional practices that could influence academic expatriates’ careers. This paper suggests that future research on academic expatriation to emerging economies can develop in at least three directions, namely, (a) the institutional practices at academic institutions in emerging economies, (b) the careers of academic expatriates, and (c) a reciprocal relationship between institutional practices and the individual careers of academic expatriates.

Does monopsony exist in academic labor market?

This study aims to examine empirically the power of monopsony in the academic labor market, particularly in public universities. Upward sloping supply curve is indicative of monopsony and its power supply elasticity is suspected of demand for lecturers. The method used to estimate the supply equation for lecturer at four public universities in Indonesia is OLS model. A stratified sample is determined proportionally as much as 348 lecturers, by academic rank, gender and discipline. It is found that the supply elasticity is inelastic indicating that earnings lecturers are in non-competitive conditions. When employers face an inelastic supply curve, the marginal expenditure and average expenditure is very much different, which gave it the power to set wages, so it implies that the power of monopsony is big.

Teachers’ assessments of the changes in higher education in Russia: Transformation or stagnation?

The article presents the assessments by Russian university teachers of the changes that have resulted from the reform of higher education. The assessment of the result of higher education reform was built through the optics of the micro-level studying and the bottom-top strategy for summarizing the results. The authors used a list of questions about teachers’ assessment of the conditions for academic mobility, the success of the transition to a two-level system, the perception of competition in the academic market, the possibility of scientific work and academic mobility, and also the degree and type of participation in the development of master’s degree programs. The results were based on data obtained in the framework of the project “The Russian Masters’ early growth”, a recipient of the Vladimir Potanin Foundation scholarship program. The study showed that university teachers perceived the reform of higher education rather negatively, they noted an increase in useless paperwork, a low level of academic mobility, lack of academic freedom, and difficulty in conducting scientific research. Competition between teachers was assessed as low, and respondents also marked that the academic labor market in Russia is not well-established. The authors concluded that the tasks of higher education reform have not been solved, and on the part of teachers there is an institutional distrust of the ongoing reforms.

The Turkish Academic Labor Market as an Ecosystem

Career ecosystem theory have been developed to explain interactions between individuals, organizations, and other actors, which influence the flow of human capital in response to the inadequacy of traditional career models. The aim of this chapter is to examine the relevance and applicability of career ecosystem theory to the Turkish academic labor market. In line with this aim, theoretical underpinnings and basic assumptions of ecosystem theory was elaborated. Individual and institutional factors affecting career movements of academics are identified, and changes in the landscape of Turkish higher education system are discussed. Results indicated that the theory is a powerful tool of understanding the complexity of academic careers in Turkish academic labor market.