pesticide usage
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Heliyon ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. e08708
Author(s):  
Istriningsih ◽  
Yovita Anggita Dewi ◽  
Astrina Yulianti ◽  
Vyta W. Hanifah ◽  
Erizal Jamal ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ganeshkumar ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Jena ◽  
A. Sivakumar ◽  
T. Nambirajan

PurposeThis paper is a literature review on use of artificial intelligence (AI) among agricultural value chain (AVC) actors, and it brings out gaps in research in this area and provides directions for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors systematically collected literature from several databases covering 25 years (1994–2020). They classified literature based on AVC actors present in different stages of AVC. The literature was analysed using Nvivo 12 (qualitative software) for descriptive and content analysis.FindingsFifty percent of the reviewed studies were empirical, and 35% were conceptual. The review showed that AI adoption in AVC could increase agriculture income, enhance competitiveness and reduce cost. Among the AVC stages, AI research related to agricultural processing and consumer sector was very low compared to input, production and quality testing. Most AVC actors widely used deep learning algorithm of artificial neural networks in various aspects such as water resource management, yield prediction, price/demand forecasting, energy efficiency, optimalization of fertilizer/pesticide usage, crop planning, personalized advisement and predicting consumer behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors have considered only AI in the AVC, AI use in any other sector and not related to value chain actors were not included in the study.Originality/valueEarlier studies focussed on AI use in specific areas and actors in the AVC such as inputs, farming, processing, distribution and so on. There were no studies focussed on the entire AVC and the use of AI. This review has filled that literature gap.


Author(s):  
Nishanka Jayasiri Maveekumbure Manthreethilaka Jayasiri Gamaralalage Chathuri ◽  
Sudhir Yadav ◽  
Catherine R Propper ◽  
Virender Kumar ◽  
Nandani Dhammika Kumari Dayawansa ◽  
...  

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3505-3505
Author(s):  
Ash B Alpert ◽  
Nancy Eunice Torres ◽  
Eric Snyder ◽  
Philip J Rock ◽  
Diana G Adlowitz ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Environmental risk factors for lymphoma are ill-defined and controversial. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between pesticide exposure and an increase in non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), particularly those with a 14;18 translocation. However, in the absence of a mechanistic explanation for the effects of pesticide on lymphomagenesis, the data remain correlative and subject to alternative explanations. Mutagenesis due to activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) is key to lymphomagenesis, particularly in follicular lymphoma (FL). AICDA exerts physiologic effects by creating mutations in the immunoglobulin heavy locus (IGH) for somatic hypermutation in order to produce highly specific antibodies. AICDA's off-target genomic damage creates "driver" and "passenger" mutations, which can be used to quantify the subclonal evolution of each tumor specimen. Using deep sequencing (10000-fold) with appropriate error-thresholding, our lab previously demonstrated that the number of AICDA-mediated mutations in the 5' UTR of BCL2 is linearly related to the sum of AICDA-mediated mutations at other off-target sites, implying that mutations within the 5'UTR of BCL2 can function as a surrogate marker for the genome-wide aberrant targeting (Spence, J Immunology, 2014). We have also demonstrated that the number of mutations within IGHV is unrelated to the sum of genome-wide aberrant mutations. The sequencing data can thus be used to determine the minimum number of subclonal populations within a specimen as defined by each region (BCL2 and IGHV). We hypothesized that the number of AICDA-generated subclones would differ in patients with FL living in high and low pesticide use regions, elucidating whether pesticide-associated lymphomagenesis acts through AICDA or an alternative mechanism. We sought to assess the feasibility of demonstrating a difference in extent of AICDA-mediated subclonal evolution in patients with FL residing in regions with high and low pesticide usage by quantifying AICDA-mediated subclones in the 5' UTR of BCL2 and within IGHV. Methods: Using a state-wide database of pesticide application organized by ZIP code, we identified 35 patients with FL seen at our institution in Western New York in locales with high (N=19) and low (N=16) pesticide usage and quantified AICDA-mediated subclones in the 5' UTR of BCL2 and within IGHV for these patients' FL specimens. This sample size provided 75-92% power to detect a difference in the number of subclones by pesticide usage, using a 2-sided 0.05 level Wilcoxon test, assuming an effect size of 75-80% probability of more subclones in one pesticide usage group. Results: We identified 19 patients from high pesticide use (1000+ gigaliters (GL)) and 16 from low pesticide use ZIP codes (<1000 GL). Pesticide volume use by ZIP code in the low group ranged from 10-664 GL with a median of 263 GL, and in the high group ranged from 1636 to 67,140 GL with a median of 4787 GL. Patients living in regions of high and low pesticide use were similar in terms of race and ethnicity. The proportion of women was also similar: 43% among high versus 50% among low. Mean age at diagnosis was 62 in the high versus 60 in the low group. Three patients were diagnosed at age < 45 in the high group while no one in the low group was diagnosed at age < 45. BCL2 subclone count was lower (p = 0.046) among those in high pesticide ZIP codes (median 3.0), compared with those in low pesticide ZIP codes (median 6.5). Although the median IGH subclone count was 278 among those in the high group versus 91.5 in the low group, there was insufficient evidence of an association between IGH subclone count and the level of pesticide usage (p = 0.36). Conclusions: The extent of subclonal evolution was significantly different between lymphoma specimens of patients residing in ZIP codes with high versus low pesticide usage. Our data suggest that AICDA-mediated subclonal evolution is negatively correlated with residence in a ZIP code with high pesticide use, raising the question of whether pesticides could induce lymphoma through an alternate mechanism. This observation calls for both corroboration and examination of alternative hypotheses. We demonstrate a feasible approach to assessing these questions in a larger dataset. Disclosures Peterson: Abbott: Consultancy. Casulo: Verastem: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding.


Author(s):  
Chirag S Rao ◽  
M Rahul ◽  
Srijoni Dasgupta ◽  
Rajeshwari Hegde
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Joseph ◽  
Catherine Propper ◽  
Madeline Goebel ◽  
Shantel Henry ◽  
Indrakshi Roy ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Erin L. Murphy ◽  
Steffen Eikenberry ◽  
Gwenllian Iacona ◽  
Greg Watson ◽  
Leah R. Gerber

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Shalini Thakur ◽  
Khushbu Gulati ◽  
Tanu Jindal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-162
Author(s):  
Sanchi ID ◽  
Alhassan YJ ◽  
Musa SY ◽  
Suleiman YS ◽  
Utono MS ◽  
...  

The study examined the Economic and Environmental Factors Influencing Pesticides Handling and Usage in Danko/Wasagu Local Government area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. Structured Questionnaires were used to obtained information from the respondents. Descriptive statistics comprising frequency distribution tables and percentages, Mean and Ranking were used for Data Analysis. The result of the study showed that majority of the respondents (90%) were male while female formed the minority in pesticide usage with only (10%). The study also showed that all the respondents (100%) were married and engaged in agricultural activities. The study further revealed that all the respondents never had any formal training on the use of pesticide from either governmental or non -governmental organizations. The research study also found out that all (100%) of the respondents were not aware of pesticide effects on man and environment. On the economic and environmental factors affecting pesticide handling and usage, it was found out that, the effect of pesticide on man and the environment is in the form of Nausea, Dizziness, Diarrhea, Respiratory Difficulty, Skin Irritation, Rashes, and Fever, Peeling of the Skin, Vomiting, and Headache. These were discovered to be the serious effects of pesticides on man. However, it was found out that the effects of pesticides on the environment were in the form of pollution, annihilation of the micro fauna and flora and reduction in land viability on the occasion of repeated usage over time, pollution of water bodies, pollution of the atmosphere, depletion of plat population etc. It is concluded that respondents were posed with serious challenges on pesticide usage and handling. It is therefore recommended that appropriate authorities should enforce the use of protective clothing, appropriate equipment and correct handling practices when using pesticides. Existing pesticide regulations and monitoring policies should be enforced. Government should also intensify efforts at registering and controlling distribution of pesticides and banning hazardous ones. It should also enforce the making of less toxic pesticides available to farmers.


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