Education in Theoretical Interpretations of Scientific Disciplines: Subject Construction Practices

The relevance of the research is determined, on the one hand, by the fact that education, being the object of multidisciplinary research, is comprehended through the prism of subject practices of its theoretical construction, on the other hand, such subject determinism determines the specifics and nature of subject design practices within the «educationally oriented» scientific disciplines, sets the logic of relevant research programs and suggests that the construction of subject disciplinary theorizations of the phenomenon of education has a common conceptual logic. Objective: to identify the specifics and key theoretical constructs of the subject design practices formed in the «educationally oriented» scientific disciplines by understanding the multidisciplinary theoretical interpretations of education.

The Peculiar Nature of the Duty to Help During a Pandemic

Duties of beneficence are said to allow for leeway to discharge them. By distinguishing between two different types of leeway, Mejia (2020) identified three structurally different duties of beneficence. In this Commentary I deploy those distinctions to clarify the nature of a fourth type of duty of beneficence, one prompted by a global pandemic, a duty with a peculiar, and seldom recognized, conceptual logic. I provide some guidelines that should orient managers when they take themselves to be fulfilling such a duty on behalf of shareholders.

Nuclear Weapons and Peaceful Change

This chapter aims to identify key aspects of the nuclear revolution that are pertinent to the problem of power transition and peaceful change in international affairs. To this end, it elaborates on five primary institutions of global nuclear order: nuclear deterrence, nuclear arms control, nuclear nonproliferation, nuclear nonuse, and nuclear disarmament. The chapter then unpacks the conceptual logic of these five institutions in the context of peaceful and violent change in world politics and explores their mutual linkages and conflicts. It highlights both the limits of these institutions and their inherent incompatibilities, mindful of the extraordinary violence nuclear war can cause and the underlying fear that prevents nuclear powers from engaging in reckless behavior.

The Magic of Shadows

This chapter examines how William Kentridge develops his investigation of Plato’s allegory in More Sweetly Play the Dance (2015), unravelling it and testing the limits of his commitment to it. It is proposed that Kentridge’s use of pre-cinematic techniques to conceal the image and keep it at a distance reflects Jean-Luc Nancy’s understanding of the image as distanced and separate. Nancean thinking can work in conjunction with the artist’s imagery and conceptual logic because it considers the personal and corporeal in conjunction with community and commonality, in other words, how we coexist in the world. The Nancean singular plural is visualised in Kentridge’s winding procession in which singular and plural coexist in a spaced intimacy.

A New Theoretical Interpretation of Measurement Error and Its Uncertainty

The traditional measurement theory interprets the variance as the dispersion of a measured value, which is actually contrary to a general mathematical concept that the variance of a constant is 0. This paper will fully demonstrate that the variance in measurement theory is actually the evaluation of probability interval of an error instead of the dispersion of a measured value, point out the key point of mistake in the traditional interpretation, and fully interpret a series of changes in conceptual logic and processing method brought about by this new concept.

Conclusion

The chapter reads the tensions observed throughout this study with recent critical re-evaluations of human experience. Conrad’s art, and the modernism with which it is associated, have long been read as centering on questions of knowledge and truth, concealment and revelation, doubt and the desire to know. A more ontologically-driven thinking of modernism shows that the oscillations between Being and Becoming are meaningful not only as competing forces in critical practice and philosophical discourse, but as a gauge for significant changes in the way we engage with and represent the world. Conrad’s writing unmoors time from its chronological measure, frees the subject of the limits of the Cartesian cogito, and abandons telos in the charting of narrative form. Where conceptual logic cancels out difference in an attempt to create a coherent, recognizable picture, Conrad’s work repeatedly returns to the life force of difference.

A Validity-Based Framework for Understanding Replication in Psychology

In recent years, psychology has wrestled with the broader implications of disappointing rates of replication of previously demonstrated effects. This article proposes that many aspects of this pattern of results can be understood within the classic framework of four proposed forms of validity: statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, construct validity, and external validity. The article explains the conceptual logic for how differences in each type of validity across an original study and a subsequent replication attempt can lead to replication “failure.” Existing themes in the replication literature related to each type of validity are also highlighted. Furthermore, empirical evidence is considered for the role of each type of validity in non-replication. The article concludes with a discussion of broader implications of this classic validity framework for improving replication rates in psychological research.

Cognitive Potential of Metaphor in Professional Discourse

The article focuses on the cognitive function of metaphor in professional discourse, which is a professional terminology system and a linguistic manifestation of a professional world view. The article demonstrates evolution of different approaches to the phenomenon of metaphor in scientific discourse and professional terminological systems. Convergence of research directions and methods, as well as integration and interpenetration of approaches to the object under study, made it possible to build the framework of the conceptual logic of mental knowledge structures objectified in systems of terminological units. A conceptual analysis of metaphorical terminological derivates enriched with semantic analysis of term definition components provided the empirical evidence that anthropocentric principle is the basic trend in the process of metaphor forming in the professional discourse of petroleum refining. The author sees metaphor as a cognitive mechanism that associates new unknown concepts with familiar phenomena from everyday human life. The dominant conceptual metaphors develop on the principle of anthropocentrism by combining the source-domain, including a system of deep ontological knowledge about a person and a target-domain representing special concepts of professional discourse. The cognitive potential of metaphorical models is described on the basis of the metaphorical derivation of the professional oil refining terminology system. In addition to their nominative function, metaphorically formed terminological units perform explanatory function by visualizing the processes of petroleum refining to provide an opportunity to understand complex structural organization of professional discourse.

Strategic Climate Research

The chapter summarizes the conceptual and empirical writing and research on organizational climate surveys that have strategic foci. Strategic foci means that such surveys contain items descriptive of organizational policies, practices, procedures, and behaviors that get rewarded, supported, and expected and that link directly with important strategic organizational outcomes like service and safety. The conceptual logic for such surveys was stimulated by an early emphasis on the need for organizational climate surveys to “focus on something” and not be abstract or undefined. The chapter reviews the theory and the resultant convincing evidence that supports this climate for something approach, focusing especially on the climate for service and the climate for safety. Examples of foci-specific climate survey items are also provided.

Competing Theories of Nonviolent Politics

The contemporary literature on nonviolent politics relies upon a sharp distinction between strategic and principled nonviolence. Gandhi and King are associated with the latter, defined as a strict moral commitment to nonviolence that both scholars and activists view as unnecessary for the successful practice of nonviolent politics. I argue the distinction between strategic and principled nonviolence is misleading. It misunderstands the most distinctive feature of classical nonviolent politics, namely, how Gandhi and King tethered ethical practice—practices of self-discipline or suffering—to political strategy. This chapter reconstructs an alternative account of nonviolent action—nonviolence as disciplined action—and argues that it is also strategic in orientation but premised upon a different theory of politics and political action. Disciplined action is underpinned by a skeptical ontology of action which highlights the affective dynamics of action. I contrast this to the prevailing model of nonviolence as collective power, which focuses on techniques of mass mobilization and the generation of social power. I distinguish the conceptual logic of these competing theories of nonviolent politics and the differing forms of protest and dissent they recommend.