A Comparison of Soybean Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel Sprays Behavior and Atomization Characteristics

The present numerical study compares between spray characteristics of diesel and soybean oil methyl ester (SME biodiesel) under non-evaporating sprays. The spray structure of diesel and biodiesel fuel (soybean oil) in a common rail injection system are investigated and compared with that of available experimental data used image processing and atomization performance analysis. The proposed approach for the liquid phase, which based on the sprays’ statistical properties, is used to present the gas and liquid phases in an Eulerian-Eulerian approach. The main concept for this model is the possibility of describing a poly disperses spray by using moments of a drop number size distribution function. The main reason for less spray tip penetration in the (SME) comparing with diesel because a larger droplet diameters is the higher density, surface tension and viscosity of (SME). The fuel properties effect on the near nozzle structure is studied. The comparisons are referring that the spray drag, breakup and collision processes are promoted.

50 MANAGEMENT OF COFFEE LEAF MINER: SPRAY VOLUME, EFFICACY OF CARTAP HYDROCHLORIDE AND IMPACT ON PARASITISM

The leaf miner is a key pest of coffee and the use of insecticides for its control results in high water consumption. The objective in this study was to evaluate the quali-quantitative aspects of reduced spray volumes with and without the addition of adjuvant, the efficacy of the insecticide cartap hydrochloride in the control of the pest and its effects on the parasitism. Two experiments were carried out in coffee plantations in São Desiderio, BA. Initially, solution of Brilliant Blue tracer (0.15% p v-1) of the 43, 112, 146 and 309 L ha-1 volumes was sprayed with and without the soybean oil methyl ester adjuvant (0.25 % v v-1). Before spraying, water-sensitive cards were fixed to the plants and subsequently used for analyze the droplet spectrum in Gotas 1.0 software. The tracer deposit was determined by spectrophotometry. Posteriorly, the insecticide cartap hydrochloride (0.5 kg a.i. ha-1) was applied in the same volumes and types of spray used in the first test. Infestation rates of pest and parasitism were evaluated before and after application of the insecticide. The quali-quantitative aspects of the sprays were affected by the volume of spray applied, by the adjuvant and by the interaction of the factors. The intermediate volumes yielded better spraying quality without the presence of the adjuvante, with higher number and desity of drops. The spraying volume affected the depoisto the Brilliant Blue tracer in a linear and positive form. The efficacy of the insecticide was prolonged with the lowest volume spray and with adjuvant and its impact on parasitism varied with the volume applied and time after application.

Experiment Research of the Influence of Bio-Diesel on the Number and Size Distribution of PM Emissions of Diesel Engine

A comparative study has been done on a diesel engine, which was equipped with high pressure common rail system. Diesel, soybean oil methyl ester and waste cooking oil methyl ester were test to analyze the influence of bio-diesel on the number and size distribution of PM emissions. The results showed that bio-diesel can significantly reduce the dry soot emission due to the containing of oxygen and the advantage of components, which results the decrease of accumulation particle emissions and total weight emissions. The size distribution of bio-diesel PM emissions becomes unimodal. The density and viscosity of bio-diesel are greater than that of diesel, which results in a significant increase of the number of nucleation particles due to the disadvantages of injection and mixture formation.

Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Soybean-Oil-Methyl-Ester-Diesel Blends and their Fuel Properties

Biodiesel has been gaining worldwide popularity as an alternative energy source because of its many benefits. In order to optimize the application of biodiesel the low-temperature fluidity, pulverization, evaporation, invariability, erosion capability, cleanliness and mutual solubility of the low blending rate soybean-oil-methyl-ester biodiesel-diesel blends were compared and analyzed. Then the engine tests have been carried out with the aim of obtaining comparative measures of emissions such as CO, smoke density, HC and NOx to evaluate and compute the behavior of the diesel engine running on the low blending rate biodiesel-diesel blends. The experimental results show that the low blending rate biodiesel -diesel blends conform to the standard GB252-2000 of China. Compared with the original diesel engine, the smoke, HC and CO emissions of diesel engine fueled with low blending rate soybean-oil-methyl-ester decrease, but NOx emissions increase.