The effects of different factors on propagation by hardwood cuttings of some coniferous ornamental plants

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ‘Ellwoodii’, Cryptomeria japonica ‘Elegans’ and x Cupressocyparis leylandii have great importance in terms of usage areas as ornamental plant. The overcoming the problem, that may be encountered in generative propagation of these taxa, using vegetative propagation method are very important for producers dealing with park and garden works. It was investigated that the effects of different greenhouse medium, rooting medium and phytohormones on propagation by hardwood cutting of studied taxa. In this study, three greenhouse medium (Greenhouse-1, 2 and 3 medium), two rooting medium (perlite and peat) and four phytohormones (IBA 1000, IBA 5000, NAA 1000 and NAA 5000 ppm) were selected. The first root and callus formation dates, rooting percentage, callus percentage, root length and the number of roots were determined. The results showed that the highest rooting percentages for C. lawsoniana ‘Ellwoodii’ were obtained as 100% in peat rooting medium (IBA 1000 ppm) at Greenhouse-2 medium and Greenhouse-3 medium and perlite rooting medium (control) at Greenhouse-3 medium. On the other hand, the highest rooting percentages for C. japonica ‘Elegans’ were obtained as 100% in IBA 1000, IBA 5000 and NAA 1000 ppm treatments at Greenhouse-1 medium, while this value for x C. leylandii occurred in NAA 5000 ppm treatment (73.33%) at Greenhouse-2 medium, in perlite rooting medium for both. The conditions required for the best rooting in cutting propagation vary according to the species studied, and generally, auxin applications, rooting medium temperature 5 °C higher than air temperature and use of perlite rooting medium can be recommended.

Study of IBA Containing Rooting Powder on Root Induction Behavior of Hardwood Cutting of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

Background: Grapes are mostly propagated by hardwood cutting. Most of the time, auxin (Indole Butyric Acid) is used in liquid form. There are some problems associated with using auxin in liquid form viz. cell sap may exude from cutting end on dipping in solution that may lead to contamination, every time auxin solution should be freshly prepared etc. In order to address these problems, auxin hormone is used in powder form by using Talcum powder. Methods: In the present investigation, rooting powders containing different concentration of auxin were tried for root induction behavior. Approximately 15-20 cm long and 1-1.5 cm thick hardwood cuttings of grapes were taken. Result: The results indicates that grape cuttings treated with Indole Butyric Acid @ 3000 ppm in powder form was found to be best for root induction behavior. However, in most of the cases observations were at par with Indole Butyric Acid @ 2000 ppm (powder form) and with treatment @ 2000 ppm in liquid form but if we consider other benefits like long shelf life, no contamination etc. It can be concluded the rooting hormone in powder form should be considered better alternative to liquid form for root induction.

Early Development of Fig (Ficus carica L.) Root and Shoot Using Different Propagation Medium and Cutting Types

This study aimed at determining the effects of propagation medium and cutting types on the early growth performance of fig (Ficus carica L.) root and shoot. The experiment was conducted at the Glasshouse and Nursery Complex (GNC), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The split-plot design was employed with the main plot (propagation medium) and sub-plot (types of cutting). The propagation medium were sand and topsoil (1:3) (M1), topsoil, peat and sawdust (1:1:1) (M2) and peat and perlite (1:1) (M3). Two types of cutting were semi-hardwood (C1) and hardwood (C2). As a result, there were a significant effect of propagation medium on measured parameters. This study revealed that the most effective propagation medium and cutting types for the propagation of fig were a combination of peat and perlite at 1:1 ratio (M3) and hardwood cutting (C2), respectively as evidenced by significantly higher root and shoot growth quality as compared to other treatments.

Responses of Fig Cuttings (Ficus Carica) to Different Sowing Dates and Potting Media under Agro-Climatic Conditions of Haripur

Background: Fig belongs to tropical and subtropical climates, and Haripur district being a subtropical area have great potential for successful commercial cultivation of figs. The most common method of fig propagation is by hardwood cutting, which is an easy and economical way of propagation. But lack of knowledge regarding suitable date of cutting collection and sowing and selection of appropriate potting medium severely limits the production of fig on a commercial scale. Objectives: Current study was undertaken in order to identify suitable collecting dates of fig cuttings and to develop a suitable potting media for the successful establishment of fig cutting. Methodology: The study was comprised of four different potting media i.e. Soil, Farmyard or Manure (FYM), Compost, Soil+FYM+Compost (1:1:1) and cuttings of fig cultivar Sawari were collected and sown on two different dates i.e. 1st January and 15th January in polyethene bags of uniform size. The experiment was laid in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Results: Results revealed that maximum Length of the root (9.8 cm), Shoot thickness (1.4 cm) and Number of leaves (4.1) were noted in FYM, whereas maximum days to Sprouting (18.5) and Survival percentage (82.3%) were noted in Soil+FYM+Compost (1:1:1). Whereas fig cutting sown on 15th January showed maximum Days to sprouting (18.8), Length of the root (9.4 cm), Survival percentage (87.1%), Shoot thickness (1.8cm) and Number of leaves (4.6). Conclusion: It can be concluded that FYM and 15th January showed highest values of studied parameters.

Grapevine Resistance to the Nematode Xiphinema index Is Durable in Muscadine-Derived Plants Obtained from Hardwood Cuttings but Not from In Vitro

Breeding for varieties carrying natural resistance (R) against plant-parasitic nematodes is a promising alternative to nematicide ban. In perennial crops, the long plant−nematode interaction increases the risk for R breaking and R durability is a real challenge. In grapevine, the nematode Xiphinema index has a high economic impact by transmitting Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and, to delay GFLV transmission, rootstocks resistant to this vector are being selected, using Muscadinia rotundifolia in particular as an R source. To optimize in fine this strategy, the durability has been studied under controlled conditions in F1 and BC1 muscadine-derived resistant accessions previously obtained from either hardwood-cutting or in vitro propagation. After inoculation with a mix, in equal proportions, of four lines representative of the X. index diversity, multiplication on plants has been monitored 3 to 6 years. The nematode reproduction factor remained lower than 1 in resistant plants obtained from hardwood cuttings while it increased at values far beyond 1 in resistant plants of in vitro origin. Data for nematode numbers per gram of roots mostly paralleled those obtained for the reproduction factor. The effect of the propagation type on resistance over years was also evaluated for the ratio female/juvenile and the frequency of males. Altogether our results illustrate that the muscadine-derived resistance based on hardwood cuttings is durable. By contrast, in resistant and reference accessions obtained from in vitro, our data suggest that the increased nematode multiplication might be mainly due to the modification of root architecture consecutive to this propagation method.