Smart Relocation System

With the increase of social mobility, the relocation of work and living places has become the norm in people’s daily life. However, the current level of informatization in the handling industry is generally low. If users want to know the progress of the porter age, they can only go to the site in person; after the porter age is completed, if they want to find the items, they need to search through the piles of boxes. It is even impossible to know the detailed location of the items. So there is an urgent need for an intelligent system that can comprehensively control the entire handling process from inventory, porter age to item positioning. The intelligent handling system designed in this paper uses the Internet of Things, network communication, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and other technologies, which can sensitively capture the packed items to improve the packing efficiency, quickly and accurately identify the name of the item to facilitate searching, and establish multi-level tags to store item information and achieve fuzzy matching, and encryption at each stage to ensure user privacy.

From Cell to Battery System in BEVs: Analysis of System Packing Efficiency and Cell Types

The motivation of this paper is to identify possible directions for future developments in the battery system structure for BEVs to help choosing the right cell for a system. A standard battery system that powers electrified vehicles is composed of many individual battery cells, modules and forms a system. Each of these levels have a natural tendency to have a decreased energy density and specific energy compared to their predecessor. This however, is an important factor for the size of the battery system and ultimately, cost and range of the electric vehicle. This study investigated the trends of 25 commercially available BEVs of the years 2010 to 2019 regarding their change in energy density and specific energy of from cell to module to system. Systems are improving. However, specific energy is improving more than energy density. More room for improvements is thus to be gained in packaging optimization and could be a next step for further battery system development. Other aspects looked at are cell types and sizes. There, a trend to larger and prismatic cells could be identified.

Water Structures and Packing Efficiency in Methylene Blue Cyanometallate Salts

Crystal structure prediction is the holy grail of crystal engineering and is key to its ambition of driving the formation of solids based on the selection of their molecular constituents. However, this noble quest is hampered by the limited predictability of the incorporation of solvent molecules, first and foremost the ubiquitous water. In this context, we herein report the structure of four methylene blue cyanometallate phases, where anions with various shapes and charges influence the packing motif and lead to the formation of differently hydrated structures. Importantly, water molecules are observed to play various roles as isolated fillings, dimers, or an infinite network with up to 13 water molecules per repeating unit. Each crystal structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and evaluated with the aid of Hirshfeld surface analysis, focussing on the role of water molecules and the hierarchy of different classes of interactions in the overall supramolecular landscape of the crystals. Finally, the collected pieces of evidence are matched together to highlight the leading role of MB stacking and to derive an explanation for the observed hydration diversity based on the structural role of water molecules in the crystal architecture.

Solution of the Rectangular Strip Packing Problem Considering a 3-Stage Guillotine Cutting Constraint with Finite Slitter Blades

In this study, we propose a new algorithm to solve the rectangular strip packing problem (RSPP), a variant of the cutting stock problem in which the mother materials have a common fixed width and infinite length. Based on the column-generation technique with three improvements, the proposed algorithm can solve large-scale problems involving tens of thousands of materials within a reasonable time, considering practical cutting constraints, i.e., the three-stage guillotine cutting constraint and the limitations of slitter blades. The proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of its packing efficiency and calculation time.

A Vertex-Aligned Model for Packing 4-Hexagonal Clusters in a Regular Hexagonal Container

This paper deals with a problem the packing polyhex clusters in a regular hexagonal container. It is a common problem in many applications with various cluster shapes used, but symmetric polyhex is the most useful in engineering due to its geometrical properties. Hence, we concentrate on mathematical modeling in such an application, where using the “bee” tetrahex is chosen for the new Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) design upgrade, which is one of four detectors used in Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment at European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN). We start from the existing hexagonal containers with hexagonal cells packed inside, and uniform clustering applied. We compare the center-aligned (CA) and vertex-aligned (VA) models, analyzing cluster rotations providing the increased packing efficiency. We formally describe the geometrical properties of clustering approaches and show that cluster sharing is inevitable at the container border with uniform clustering. In addition, we propose a new vertex-aligned model decreasing the number of shared clusters in the uniform scenario, but with a smaller number of clusters contained inside the container. Also, we describe a non-uniform tetrahex cluster packing scheme in the proposed container model. With the proposed cluster packing solution, it is accomplished that all clusters are contained inside the container region. Since cluster-sharing is completely avoided at the container border, the maximal packing efficiency is obtained compared to the existing models.

A new method for evaluating packing efficiency of particle size distribution during coal water slurry preparation

Particle size distribution is a key problem in preparation of coal water slurry . Due to the large number of particles and irregular accumulation of particles, how to evaluate and calculate CWS particles has become an urgent need. In this paper, the volume accumulation of particles is simplified as plane accumulation, and the particle packing gradation model based on the three-particle packing gradation and the four-particle packing gradation is constructed. Based on the classical mathematical principle, the packing voids and packing probability of 5 typical CWS particle sizes were calculated. The packing styles of N 1 N 2 N 3 , N 2 N 3 N 4 and N 3 N 4 N 5 were evaluated and analyzed. The evaluation method of packing index based on ΣP×S min andΣP×S max was established. The results show that the packing efficiency of particles can be quantitatively evaluated by using of cumulative calculation of voids areas and packing probabilities under different packing modes. The evaluation results are consistent to the tendency of CWS concentration. By this method, the particle size distribution of CWS can be controlled and adjusted during both wet milling processes and experimental investigations. Furthermore, the method may be used to other particle packing cases.

Probing the structural pathway of conformational polymorph nucleation by comparing a series of α,ω-alkanedicarboxylic acids

Herein the nucleation pathway of conformational polymorphs was revealed by studying the relationships and distinctions among a series of α,ω-alkanedicarboxylic acids [HOOC–(CH2) n−2–COOH, named DAn, where n = 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15] in the solid state and in solution. Their polymorphic outcomes, with the exception of DA5, show solvent dependence: form I with conformation I crystallizes from solvents with hydrogen-bond donating (HBD) ability, whereas form II with conformation II crystallizes preferentially from solvents with no HBD ability. In contrast, form II of DA5 does not crystallize in any of the solvents used. Quantum mechanical computation showed that there is no direct conformational link between the solvents and the resultant polymorphic outcomes. Surprisingly, solute aggregates were found in no-HBD solvents by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and only monomers could be detected in HBD solvents, suggesting stronger solvation. Furthermore, it was found that all six compounds including DA5 followed the same pattern in solution. Moreover, crystal-packing efficiency calculations and stability tests stated that dimorphs of DA5 bear a greater stability difference than others. These suggest that the rearrangement from conformation II to I could not be limited by hard desolvation in HBD solvents, where form I was also obtained. In other systems, metastable II was produced in the same solvents, probably as a result of the rearrangement being limited by hard desolvation. In this work, a comparative study uncovers the proposed nucleation pathway: difficulty in desolvation has a remarkable effect on the result of rearrangement and nucleation outcome.

Cell "starvation" treatment -- optimization of packaging methods for recombinant adenovirus vectors

ABSTRACT: Objective To optimize the condition for transfection of HEK293 cells with exogenous gene in mediation of lipofectamineTM2000. Methods The hTERT-E1A-EGFP was inserted into the shuttle vector pEntry to construct pAd-hTERT-E1A-EGFP vector. pAd--hTERT-E1A-EGFP was then digested by PacI and transfected into the HEK293 cell line by Optimization method. Packaging recombinant adenovirus, cDNA was obtained using reverse transcription after total RNA was extracted. Results: Our results demonstrated that the adenovirus was successfully packaged by Optimization method. Conclusion The condition for transfection of HEK293 cells in mediation of lipofectamineTM 2000 was optimized. Compared with the traditional packaging recombinant adenovirus in Lipofectamine TM 2000, optimization method of packing is more effective and convenient, it not only improving the packing efficiency, shortening packaging time, reducing the possibility of cells pollution, but also laing a solid foundation for subsequent adenovirus gene therapy research.