PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS X MIPA 2 SMA NEGERI 1 KEDIRI MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN REALISTIK DENGAN SETTING KOOPERATIF BERBANTUAN LKS TERSTRUKTUR

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) peningkatan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran RESIK(Realistik Dengan Setting Kooperatif) Berbantuan LKS Terstruktur dan (2) tanggapan siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran RESIK Berbantuan LKS Terstruktur. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 1 Kediri sebanyak 36 orang siswa pada semester ganjil Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Pengumpulan data pemahaman konsep matematika siswa pada penelitian ini menggunakan tes uraian, dan tanggapan siswa dikumpulkan menggunakan angket. Data yang telah terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan optimal terjadi pada siklus III dengan rata-rata skor 77,93 dan ketuntasan belajar 83,33%. Peningkatan yang optimal pada siklus III terjadi karena, (1) guru melakukan kegiatan tanya jawab sehingga siswa dapat memberikan alasan atas jawaban yang disampaikan, (2) guru memberikan penjelasan kembali terkait konsep yang belum dipahami oleh siswa, (3) memberikan pertanyaan-pertanyaan pancingan kepada siswa dan memberikan tugas mandiri untuk dikerjakan di rumah agar siswa lebih mudah memahami konsep matematika.(4) Pembelajaran menggunakan masalah kontekstual yang diangkat pada awal pembelajaran. Selain itu tanggapan siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran RESIK Berbantuan LKS Terstruktur ditinjau dari rata-rata skor tanggapan siswa sebesar 52,55 berada dalam kategori sangat positif. Kata Kunci : pemahaman konsep matematika, model pembelajaran RESIK berbantuan LKS Terstruktur, tanggapan siswa This study is conducted to determine: (1) the improvement of students’ comprehension of math concepts through the implementation of RESIK (Realistic With Cooperative Setting) learning model assisted by Structured LKS and (2) students’ responses toward the implementation of RESIK learning model assisted by Structured LKS. This kind of study is a classroom activity research that conducted in three cycles. The subjects were 36 students of X Mathematics 2 class at SMA Negeri 1 Kediri in the first semester of 2018/2019. The data collection of this study using an essay test, and student responses were collected using a questionnaire. The collected data is analyzed descriptively. The result shows that the significant enhancement arises in third cycle with an average score of 77, 93 and 83.33% completeness of learning. This significant enhancement is arose by several things, (1) teacher conducting a question and answer activity that encourages students to give reasonable argument toward their answer, (2) the teacher retells related concepts that have not been understood by the students, (3) the teacher provides stimulus questions and give individual homework to make the students understand the mathematical concepts better.(4) Learning uses contextual problems that are raised at the beginning of learning In addition, the average score of students’ responses toward the implementation of RESIK assisted by Structured LKS is 52.55 which belong to positive category. Keywords: Comprehension of mathematical concepts, RESIK learning model assisted by Structured LKS, students’ responses

The Constitutionality of Uncompensated §179D(d)(4) Allocations by State, Local, and Municipal Government Building Owners

ABSTRACT Internal Revenue Code §179D provides accelerated tax deductions to building owners that invest in energy efficient building improvements. However, the value of this incentive for government building owners is limited as these entities are tax exempt. §179D(d)(4) allows state and local governments to realize a portion of these benefits by transferring their §179D deductions to a qualified, taxable, private sector entity in exchange for compensation. This compensation can be used to reduce the governmental entity's cost of energy efficient investments, allowing them and, ultimately, taxpayers to benefit from this incentive. In practice, disagreement exists over a governmental entity's right to compensation in exchange for §179D(d)(4) transfers. These differences have become more visible in recent years, resulting in policy changes by state and local governments, and litigation by state agencies that had not been compensated for these transfers. We contribute to this debate by reviewing and evaluating (1) the arguments against providing compensation in exchange for §179D(d)(4) transfers, (2) the state constitutionality of uncompensated §179D(d)(4) transfers, and (3) recent litigation and policy changes. Our analysis finds little support for arguments against compensated transfers, and a reasonable argument that compensated transfers may be required under most state constitutions.

Reasoned Interpretations

“Reasoned Interpretations,” Chapter 9 of A New Narrative for Psychology, examines the bases for making sound research arguments in psychology. It argues that there is a general form for making arguments that is found not only in psychology but everywhere. Psychological science becomes the deliberate activity of “going after” knowledge and framing knowledge claims in the form of a reasonable argument. The chapter argues for a critical examination of research arguments in order to arrive at general, but flexible, means for evaluating research claims. Research arguments in psychology, narrative and otherwise, should be credible, trustworthy, and useful. In order to examine how narrative research can meet these standards, the chapter presents a detailed analysis of a life story interview with a Palestinian student with Israeli citizenship studying at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

The results of monitoring studies of development specifics of business tourism in Irkutsk

Article is devoted to the actual topic which is the study of various aspects of business tourism in the context of the current economic situation. The authors conducted a study monitoring business travel market over the past five years and outlined their main theoretical conclusions on the opportunities and challenges of business tourism in the city of Irkutsk, the center of the Asian business activity. Particular attention is given to the systematiza-tion and categorization of concepts and forms in this area. Business tourism is organized in different variations: congresses, exhibitions, fairs, talks and seminars. All participants in activities have different purposes of visiting, depending on their interests, capabilities and types of business. When considering Irkutsk as a center of business tourism can be noted that it has a great potential for the development in this direction. The article provides a reasonable argument on the basis of conducted studies of Irkutsk as a core center for business of tourism communication for the Asian part of the Russian Federation. The main arguments are the following: 1) the city is a major transit center in which there is a redistribution of tourist flows, following from West to East and back; 2) Irkutsk has a distinctive competitive advantage which is proximity to the lake Baikal, which is undoubtedly strategically distinguishes it from other cities in the Asian part of Russia; 3) Irkutsk has the basic infrastructure for the development of various forms of business tourism: congress, exhibition, business meetings, corporate events, and so on. In the context of marketing research the conclusion is made about the potential for diversification of products and services in the period of reconfiguring the market for domestic tourism through development of appropriate infrastructure and range of offers. In particular, highlighted is the necessity for consolidator agencies and event organizers in Irkutsk in the form of Convention Bureau.

Systems Design for Meeting New and Existing International Regulations

The maritime industry is flooded with new regulations on a continual basis. These Regulations, in general, improve the safety and environmental sustainability of the industry. A reasonable argument can be made that the maritime industry leads the world in the adoption of international regulations and quite possibly is the international leader in environmental sustainability. The execution of these regulations falls squarely on the shoulders of the ship designers, the shipbuilders, the ship owners, the ship operators, the auditors (classification societies and consultants), and the enforcement of these regulations is the responsibility of the Flag States and the Port States. The last 30 or so years have shown quite a number of success stories in this execution/enforcement, but there continue to be some areas and even specific regulatory efforts that are problematic. Experience is starting to point towards specific systematic approaches that, once adopted, allow the execution and enforcement of international regulations to achieve faster convergence and, subsequently, faster stable adoption in the industry. This paper analyzes the system dynamic, provides specific examples, and provides a systematic approach and specific recommendations to all stake holders in achieving rapid and stable adoption of emerging international regulations. In particular this paper discusses overall environmental and associated system design and improvement, which is referred to as QESTH, and explores the use of Technical Memos in advancing the general state of the art. The concept of Tech Memos is explained by actual application in OWS issues and the advances in the state of the art in OWS and MARPOL compliance resulting from these tech memos are provided in this paper.