Las mujeres y las ingenierías

Es necesario reflexionar sobre la preocupación existente de por qué las mujeres prefieren carreras de tipo Sanitario, Ciencias Sociales o Jurídicas a las carreras STEM, acrónimo de Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. Son varias las cuestiones que debemos plantearnos para entender cuáles son los motivos por los cuales las mujeres prefieren estas carreras a las carreras STEM, entre ellos, se encuentran la cuestión cultural; por otro lado, están los estereotipos establecidos desde el nacimiento, el papel que juega el entorno familiar en el apoyo que puedan encontrar, el que juegan los centros educativos. Resulta fundamental que desde los institutos los orientadores y el profesorado apoyen a las chicas a estudiar aquellas disciplinas; otra cuestión es la falta de referentes femeninos y la visibilidad que se le da a la mujer científica, así como su reconocimiento, incluso la discriminación laboral existente frente a los hombres, o la baja posibilidad de conciliación de la vida laboral y personal en el entorno industrial. Por tanto, es primordial motivar a las adolescentes al fomentar las vocaciones STEM y para ello es necesario establecer políticas encaminadas a impulsar dichas vocaciones, divulgar y dar a conocer mujeres científicas, matemáticas, ingenieras o arquitectas. It is necessary to reflect on the existing concern as to why women prefer careers in Health, Social Sciences or Law to STEM careers, an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. There are several questions that we must ask ourselves in order to understand the reasons why women prefer these careers to STEM careers, among them, the cultural question; on the other hand, there are the stereotypes established from birth, the role played by the family environment in the support they can find, the role played by educational centers. It is essential that from the institutes the guidance counselors and teachers support girls to study those disciplines; another issue is the lack of female references and the visibility given to women scientists, as well as their recognition, even the existing labor discrimination against men, or the low possibility of reconciling work and personal life in the industrial environment. Therefore, it is essential to motivate teenage girls by promoting STEM vocations and for this it is necessary to establish policies aimed at promoting such vocations, disseminating and making known women scientists, mathematicians, engineers or architects.

Discriminations on the Labor Market in Ukraine

The article found that there is discrimination on the labor market in Ukraine at this stage. Its classification features have been selected and described and the features that most frequently discriminate on the labor sphere in Ukraine are highlighted. The manifestations of labor and gender discrimination in the labor market are analyzed, as well as the categories of persons in Ukraine who directly experience its manifestations. The main problems of discrimination in contemporary Ukrainian society that cause labor and gender discrimination are revealed. Regulatory acts of regulation on the sphere of labor discrimination are investigated, as well as mechanisms of their regulation. The place of Ukraine and neighboring countries in the ranking of the Gender Index is considered. The main tasks, the implementation of which ensures the achievement of the purposes of Sustainable Development, is considered. The study found ways to overcome possible further manifestations of these types of discrimination in the Ukrainian labor market and the conditions for their future achievement

Economic-Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Youth Labor Market in Irkutsk Region

The authors analyze the youth labor market in Irkutsk region. The definition of the youth labor market is given, its features are described. It is shown that young people’s lack of experience and their inflated self-esteem complicate their being employed. It is highlighted that this category of citizens is subject to labor discrimination to a significant extent. The specifics of supply and demand on the youth labor market in the Baikal area are considered. The relationship between the possible level of salary and the choice of the educational program by young people is established for the purpose of their future employment. The main reasons for young people to be unsatisfied with their employment are revealed.

HOW TO PREVENT AND DEFEND AGAINST MOBBING IN A WORKPLACE?

The phenomenon of mobbing has been recognized by researchers, psychologists, lawyers and legislators as very harmful. However, employees suffering from mobbing in the workplace can be protected in many ways. This article aims to show the most important ways of protecting against mobbing in the workplace. Our work identifies psychological forms of support. We put an emphasis on victim and persecutorpersonalities as well. We also show our recommendations concerning prevention of this form of harassment in an organizational perspective. The next part of the article explains how important is the legal aspect of mobbing and protection of employees’ personal rights: we write about the case-law cited in the Labour Code, the Civil Code and the Criminal Code. Particular emphasis is placed on the Polish labour market. JEL classification: M5 Personnel Economics, J7 Labor Discrimination, I1 Health

Discriminación laboral de las mujeres en las Pymes del Sur de Sonora

Labor discrimination and that which afflicts women in particular, slows the development of society and does so in a serious way in a country like ours. Taking into account the above, the following question arises: What is the main cause of employment discrimination for women in SMEs in Southern Sonora? The objective is to identify the causes that influence the discrimination of women in SMEs in the South of Sonora. The method used was descriptive of quantitative type, with a sample of 250 working women from the south of Sonora. The results obtained were that labor discrimination for women with children, arguing that they miss work because of caring for their children, because of company policies and because of mistaken ideas held by the chiefs in charge of women with children. Concluding that the employment discrimination of women is a situation that should be cause for concern due to the serious consequences they cause. He can not contribute to the sustenance of the family, the personal formation of the children and that therefore can be causes of negative deviations of personality with repercussion to the society.