Youth in the Labor Market

The article examines the state of the youth labor market in Russia, identifies the problems of the modern youth labor market, such as the unjustified ambition of youth, mistrust of employers towards young people, the unpreparedness of the majority of young people after graduation for working life, the inadequacy of the educational system to the requirements of the business environment and the labor market, and , first of all, training of workers in professions that are not in demand on the labor market. A set of measures is proposed to solve these problems of the youth labor market: the formation of mechanisms of real interaction between the business environment, the labor market and the sphere of education; adjustment of educational programs in terms of their practice-orientedness; formation of a system for preparing young people to enter the labor market through their social and professional adaptation. The analysis of the socio-cultural characteristics of generations "Y" and "Z" is carried out, it is shown that taking into account these features will improve the situation on the youth labor market in the digital era.

The Impact of Digital Technologies on the Labor Market of Belarusian Youth

The article examines the impact of modern digitalization processes on the youth labor market in Belarus within the framework of the risk theory. This made it possible to assess the possible negative consequences of digitalization and to determine the ways to regulate them. On the empirical base of data analysis of two studies of youth, conducted with the participation of the authors, the contradictory influence of digitalization on the youth labor market is highlighted: the characteristics of the youth professional trajectories and labor values are described. The article also discusses the possibilities for the develop-ment of entrepreneurial initiatives and the information and communication environment of modern youth. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of risks in the youth labor market: the imbalance of supply and demand, unemployment, the emergence of new forms of labor relations. It is concluded that the key to the problem of balancing the youth labor market is the modernization of the education system in accordance with the requirements of digital transformation: focus on the formation of the students’ digital competencies; introduction of new information technologies (IT) in the educational process, etc. Improvement of the institutional conditions for doing business can enhance youth activity in entrepreneurship and allow young people to successfully adapt to new forms of labor relations.

Lost in recessions: youth employment and earnings in Spain

Young workers in Spain face the unprecedented impact of the Great Recession and the COVID-19 crisis in short sequence. Moreover, they have also experienced a deterioration in their employment and earnings over the last three decades. In this paper, we document this evolution and adopt a longitudinal approach to show that employment and earnings losses suffered by young workers during recessions are not made up in the subsequent expansions. We also estimate the size of the scarring effects of entering the job market in a recession for college-educated workers during their first decade in the labor market. Our empirical estimates indicate that while there is some evidence of scarring effects, the driving force is a trend worsening of youth labor market outcomes.

Scenario cognitive modeling of development trends of the complexity system “youth, labor market, quality of life”

Conducting research on the quality of life of young people and the impact on it of such a significant factor as the youth labor market, as well as related research on the problems of state support for young people, require the use of simulation methods due to the incompleteness of information and poorly structured problems of such complex systems as the quality of life of young people and the labor market. The article gives a brief overview of the categories “labor market”, “quality of life”, “youth”, which is necessary to determine the content of cognitive modeling of the complex system “youth, labor market, quality of life”. The technology of cognitive modeling is briefly presented. The results of the application of cognitive simulation modeling to the study of the quality of life of young people in relation to the labor market are presented. An example of modeling is presented in the form of a corresponding cognitive map and a number of scenarios for the possible development of situations on it, which may arise under the assumed influence of various social and economic factors, as well as under the influence of regulatory and control systems.

Problems of youth in the labor market in modern conditions

The article investigates a modern state of youth employment in the labor market. The purpose of the article is to consider of youth segment in the labor market, to study the dynamics of youth employment in recent years and to develop proposals for improving the state of youth employment in Ukraine. Current trends in youth employment and unemployment in the labor market are analyzed. In the process of analysis, such methods of scientific research as analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization were used, which made it possible to ensure the validity of the study. Based on the results of youth employment issues analysis, the main problems faced by young people in finding a job (specific problems in the youth segment of the labor market) are determined, namely: imperfection of the legal framework that regulates labor relations; young people after graduation cannot put their skills and abilities into practice; imbalance in the professional and qualification structure of the labor supply, which does not correspond to the demand in the labor market; lack of professional experience among young people; gender inequality by sex and age; labor migration due to the non-competitiveness of wages in Ukraine compared to wages in Europe. For a systematic solution to the problems of youth labor market, it is necessary to improve the existing mechanism for increasing the level of youth employment, thereby a new impetus will appear for the development of the Ukrainian economy. The main directions of improving the state regulation of the youth segment of the labor market in Ukraine are proposed, namely: the creation of effective interaction between public employment agencies, business and education. An improvement and systemic implementation of the mechanism for increasing youth employment will reduce the outflow of labor force abroad and ensure the competitiveness of the national economy in the long term.

Assessment of the current status of youth employment in Kazakhstan and the system of its state support

The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the youth labor market in Kazakhstan and its main indicators, consider and assess the mechanism of functioning of the system of state support for youth employment; also in reviewing the possibilities of government programs aimed at combating unemployment, including youth unemployment resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.The research methodology includes statistical and economic, dialectical and comparative methods that were used in writing this scientific article. Since statistical and economic methods are a set of methods used in a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of the development of certain economic processes, in this article, using the method under consideration, indicators of youth employment in Kazakhstan were grouped, statistical information was developed and analyzed, and also with the help of graphs and diagrams, the analysis results are displayed and assessed the state of the youth labor market. And with the help of the dialectical method, the state of development of economic processes in the labor market, in particular the relationship and interaction between the elements of the mechanism of state support was revealed. Using the comparative method, a comparative analysis of the indicators of the youth labor market and the experience of the functioning of the mechanism of state regulation, as well as the dynamics of changes in the indicators of youth unemployment over a five-year period was carried out.The originality / value of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of youth employment indicators in Kazakhstan for 2015-2019 and an assessment of the mechanism for the functioning of state programs and other elements of the state regulation system aimed at supporting the youth labor market in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic.Findings - main focus andfindings of the article. The research results are related to the analysis of the main indicators of the youth labor market in Kazakhstan and the identification of the main priorities of social policy aimed at improving the system of state support for youth employment.

Problem of labor migration of youth in Kazakhstan

The purpose of the study is to analyze the issues of labor migration of young people in Kazakhstan. The article identifies the main causes of labor migration of young people to other countries, proves that improvements of the labor market of young people, the problem of labor migration of young people should not remain without the attention of the state. The information source of the study was taken as a basis for the analysis of data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. To solve the tasks, systematic and logical approaches, methods of analysis, deduction, and induction to form a general idea of the state of youth migration in the Kazakhstan labor market were used. The categories of migration and its economic content are considered, which allows to characterize the essence of labor migration. The scientific and practical significance of the study is that the conclusions obtained in the course of the study are applicable to the problem of labor migration of young people and its solution, make a significant contribution to the development of the labor market economy. The article analyzes the problems of youth labor migration in Kazakhstan, identifies the main causes of youth labor migration to other countries, and suggests the need for a state solution to the problem of youth labor migration in improving the youth labor market.

National vigor and international silence: The background and development of Japanese sociology of education

This article addresses topics related to Japanese sociology of education over the past three decades. The main academic interests of Japanese sociology of education have been educational choice and socialization in secondary education, topics also discussed in Durkheim’s masterwork, L’Évolution pédagogique en France. The interests of Japanese researchers in the sociology of education were aroused because of drastic changes in the youth labor market in the mid-1990s and national curriculum reforms influenced by international educational evaluation, such as the Programme for International Student Assessment, in the 2000s. Though the number of empirical studies has increased substantially over the past two decades, this field must make efforts to develop its theoretical sophistication in order to connect to worldwide research on sociology of education.