FAR-RIGHT VIOLENCE AND TERRORISM RISES IN GERMANY: NATIONAL SOCIALIST UNDERGROUND (NSU) TERRORIST GROUP AND THE MURDERS OF EIGHT TURKISH-GERMAN CITIZENS

Between 2000-2007, ten people were killed in Germany by unknown perpetrators. Four days after the explosion, the missing woman – later revealed as Beate Zschäpe – turned herself in. As the German authorities started to put the pieces together, they recognized that they had discovered the underground cell of at least three wanted neo-Nazis that had gone clandestine in the late 1990s. All in all, the NSU caused the most severe crisis of the German internal security system after the Second World War – a process called by the Federal Prosecutor General Harald Range Germany's 'September 11' in March 2012 (FAZ 2012). By now a total of ten assassinations, three bomb attacks and fourteen bank robberies between 1998 and 2011 were attributed to the NSU and the trial in Munich against the last surviving member – Beate Zschäpe – and the four most important supporters is already the most extensive terror trail in post-Second World War Germany. Instead, according to people who were at the meeting, he spoke extensively about the danger posed by far-right extremists and so-called Reichsbürger, a fringe group that rejects modern Germany and instead adheres to the old German Reich. This represented 'one of the biggest challenges' for Germany's security apparatus. It is quite unfortunate that nowadays we are obliged to talk about far-right domestic terror acts against politicians in Germany who are defending human values. It is time to stop sweeping the serious threats emerging in Western Europe under the rug and face the real problem. It is a fact that certain sections of the Western European societies are moving steadily to far-right quarters feeding from white supremacist and racist ideas.

Will Universal Jurisdiction Advance Accountability for Sexualized and Gender-based Crimes? A View from Within on Progress and Challenges in Germany

This Article is based on the professional experiences of the authors working as lawyers and activists towards accountability for sexualized and gender-based crimes under international law. It provides a critical evaluation of universal jurisdiction cases in Germany addressing conflict-related sexualized violence. In particular, the article looks deeper into the Office of the German Federal Prosecutor General of the Federal Court of Justice’s (GBA) approach to gender while taking note of the barriers in the way of investigating and adjudicating crimes under international law. Both authors have been following universal jurisdiction developments in Germany closely, particularly in relation to the investigation and prosecution of sexual and gender-based crimes. With regard to the proceedings against two high-rank representatives of the armed rebel group Forces Démocratiques de liberation du Rwanda (FDLR), the findings in this article are informed by trial monitoring reports organized and conducted by a group of organisations and institutions, namely Medica Mondiale, the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR), and the Hamburger Institut für Sozialforschung. In light of the fact that German trial records are absent of publicly accessible records of what was said in the court room, the consortium of groups co-monitored the FLDR trial.

Echoes of Past Revolutions: Architecture, Memory, and Spectral Politics in the Historic Districts of Port-au-Prince

This article explores the life history of Ulrick Rosarion, a Haitian federal prosecutor who built his career during the Duvalier dictatorship. Rosarion lived his entire life in a small house of downtown Port-au-Prince, in a neighborhood formerly inhabited by the Black middle-classes that gained prominence in the political and administrative sphere during the dictatorship (1957-1986). Rosarion was also a writer who produced four books of nationalist poetry. Based on interviews and readings of his literary production, and beyond, through an exploration of architectural forms and material remnants echoing the dictatorship, this paper explores how an idealized version of the dictatorship today haunts the political landscape of Haiti. Moreover, this article argues that the state takes on a sensual form that allows for the diffusion and/or rupture of past ideologies.

„Caution, Herr Buback!“ - The Attorney General in the Mist of the Interests of the Four Powers

*The assassination of Federal Attorney General Siegfried Buback as chief prosecutor of the Federal Republic of Germany in April 1977 was phenomenologically a successful frontal strike against the West German state. Even today, members of the Red Army Faction claim credit for this assassination as a success of the resistance against the Federal Republic, which with military precision and at equal level had plunged the state power into a national crisis. Buback played a noticeable role in the East-West conflict of the 60s and 70s as a federal prosecutor. With the departure of the era of détente, he was appointed attorney general and became the protagonist of the fight against terrorism. The so-called "Kissinger Cables", classified diplomatic correspondence of the US State Department from the years 1973-1976, provide a glimpse on what turmoil the Federal Attorney General created for the Allies and the German government until shortly before his assassination. The purpose of this manuscript is to analyze Buback’s action during the East-West conflict of the 60s and 70s and to come to a view of the same from the diplomatic point of view of the Allies and the Federal Government.*

Recent civil and criminal enforcement action involving high frequency trading

Purpose – To alert high frequency trading firms to the increased regulation and prosecution of manipulative trading practices during 2014 and early 2015. Design/methodology/approach – Reviews four significant proceedings against high frequency trading firms (and/or individuals employed by such firms) and other developments from the relevant government agencies as a possible preview of the enforcement and prosecution of high frequency trading practices in 2015. Provides advice to high frequency trading firms on how to decrease the risk of regulatory or criminal actions against them in this changing environment. Findings – Although the focus on high frequency trading has only recently begun to intensify, firms should be aware of the increased enforcement activity of the past year. These actions, both regulatory and criminal, have already resulted in large penalties and have helped initiate a strengthening of rules and regulations regarding manipulative trading practices, of which firms need to be aware and stay current. Practical implications – High frequency trading firms should be aware of the recent regulatory and criminal actions in order to better evaluate their own practices and controls, to ensure that their trading patterns do not resemble manipulative practices, and to avoid similar actions. Originality/value – Practical guidance from experienced litigators and securities regulatory lawyers, including a former SEC Assistant Chief Litigation Counsel and a former federal prosecutor, that consolidates and describes several recent actions and developments in one piece.

A ATUAÇÃO DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO FEDERAL NO MARANHÃO JUNTO AOS ATOS DE IMPROBIDADE ADMINISTRATIVA DO GESTOR PÚBLICO MUNICIPAL ENTRE OS ANOS DE 2009 E 2011: A CORRUPÇÃO COMO OBSTÁCULO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO

A presente pesquisa busca enfatizar a importância existente na articulação e na atuação con-junta dos órgãos públicos no combate à corrupção político-administrativa, sendo esta encarada como um entrave ao desenvolvimento humano. Desse modo, buscou-se realizar um estudo qualitativo e quantita-tivo da atuação do Ministério Público Federal (na figura da Procuradoria da República, situada em São Luís – MA), quando do recebimento dos relatórios de fiscalização por sorteios públicos realizados pela Controladoria Geral da União entre 2009 e 2011, os quais apresentam atos de improbidade do gestor público municipal. Da análise dos oito municípios maranhenses abordados na pesquisa, constatou-se que há uma fragilidade na articulação entre os órgãos de fiscalização e controle, os de investigação e Ministério Público Federal; verificou-se a existência de uma morosidade no encaminhamento e tomada de providências necessárias para que os casos apresentados como práticas ímprobas de gestoras muni-cipais, possam vir a se tornar Ações de Improbidade Administrativa, que, verdadeiramente sirvam como instrumento de combate à corrupção político-administrativa e, desse modo, como mecanismo de incenti-vo ao desenvolvimento humano.Palavras-chave: Ministério Público Federal. Improbidade Administrativa. Desenvolvimento.THE ROLE OF THE FEDERAL PROSECUTOR IN MARANHÃO STATE CONCERNING TO ACTS OF THE PUBLIC MUNICIPAL MANAGER ADMINISTRATIVE MISCONDUCT BETWEEN THE YEARS 2009 AND 2011: CORRUPTION AS AN OBSTACLE TO DEVELOPMENTABSTRACT: This research seeks to emphasize the importance existing in the articulation and the joint actions of public institutions to combat political and administrative corruption , which is seen as an obstacle to human development . Thus , it was to conduct a qualitative and quantitative study of the action of the Federal Public Ministry ( the figure of the Prosecutor’s Office , located in São Luis - MA ) , upon receipt of inspection reports by public drawings conducted by the Comptroller General between 2009 and 2011 , which feature acts of misconduct municipal manager . Through the analysis of the eight municipalities of Maranhão addressed in this study , it was found that there is a weakness in the joint between the bodies of supervision and control, research and federal prosecutors ; verified the existence of delays in referral and taking necessary measures so that the cases presented as misconducted practices of municipal management, are likely to become AP administrative Misconduct , which really serves as a tool to combat political and administrative corruption and thus , as an incentive mechanism to human development.KEYWORDS: Federal Prosecutor. Administrative Misconduct. Development.LA ACTUACION DEL MINISTERIO PUBLICO FEDERAL DE MARANHÃO JUNTO A LOS ACTOS DE MALA CONDUTA ADMINISTRATIVA DEL GERENCIAMENTO PÚBLICO MUNICIPAL ENTRE LOS AÑOS 2009 Y 2011: LA CORRUPCIÓN COMO UN OBSTÁCULO PARA EL DESARROLLORESUMEN: Esta investigación pretende hacer hincapié en la importancia que existe en la articulación y la acción conjunta de las instituciones públicas para combatir la corrupción política y administrativa , que es visto como un obstáculo para el desarrollo humano. Por lo tanto , tratamos de llevar a cabo un estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo de la acción del Ministerio Público de la Federación ( la figura de la Fiscalía , con sede en São Luís - MA) , a la recepción de los informes de inspección de los planos públicos realizados por la Contraloría General entre 2009 y 2011 que cuentan con actos de mala conducta de la gerencia pú-blica municipal. Del análisis de los ocho municipios de Maranhão abordados en este estudio, se encontró que hay una debilidad en la articulación entre los órganos de supervisión y control , investigación y Minis-terio Público Federal ; se verificó la existencia de retrasos en la remisión y hacer los arreglos necesarios en los casos que se presentan como ímprobas prácticas de gestión municipal, que puedan llegar a ser AP Mala Conducta administrativa , que en realidad sirve como una herramienta para combatir la corrupción política y administrativa y, por tanto , como un mecanismo de incentivo para el desarrollo humano.PALABRAS CLAVE: Público Federal. Mala Conducta Administrativa. Desarrollo