Singular Spectrum Analysis for Background Initialization with Spatio-Temporal RGB Color Channel Data

In video processing, background initialization aims to obtain a scene without foreground objects. Recently, the background initialization problem has attracted the attention of researchers because of its real-world applications, such as video segmentation, computational photography, video surveillance, etc. However, the background initialization problem is still challenging because of the complex variations in illumination, intermittent motion, camera jitter, shadow, etc. This paper proposes a novel and effective background initialization method using singular spectrum analysis. Firstly, we extract the video’s color frames and split them into RGB color channels. Next, RGB color channels of the video are saved as color channel spatio-temporal data. After decomposing the color channel spatio-temporal data by singular spectrum analysis, we obtain the stable and dynamic components using different eigentriple groups. Our study indicates that the stable component contains a background image and the dynamic component includes the foreground image. Finally, the color background image is reconstructed by merging RGB color channel images obtained by reshaping the stable component data. Experimental results on the public scene background initialization databases show that our proposed method achieves a good color background image compared with state-of-the-art methods.

Desain karakter film animasi Raya and The Last Dragon dalam membangun politik identitas Asia Tenggara

Raya and the Last Dragon merupakan salah satu film animasi dari Walt Disney Studio yang dirilis pada awal 2021. Film tersebut menceritakan petualangan tokoh bernama Raya di negeri Kumandra yang mencari naga untuk membasmi musuh dan menyelamatkan dunia. Dalam film tersebut terlihat elemen kuat warna, aset, latar belakang, nilai-nilai kehidupan, kebiasaan, dan adat istiadat yang sangat dekat dengan kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat di Asia Tenggara. Dilihat dari indikasi tersebut, maka terdapat politik identitas yang mencerminkan bangsa di wilayah Asia Tenggara. Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti bagaimana politik identitas terbentuk dan mempengaruhi persepsi penonton dalam mengapresiasi kebudayaan Asia Tenggara. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan dianalisis menggunakan teori politik identitas. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa politik identitas yang dibangun melalui penceritaan nilai kehidupan, desain aset, dan desain karakter tokoh film Raya and the Last Dragon telah berhasil membangun persepsi tentang Asia Tenggara, sebagai bangsa yang berkebudayaan dan berkarakter dengan nilai-nilai spiritualitas untuk hidup berdampingan dengan bangsa lain, makhluk hidup, dan alam semesta. Namun, ketiadaan pengisi suara yang berasal dari Asia Tenggara pada film yang pertama kali rilis menggunakan bahasa Inggris menyebabkan hilangnya unsur “rasa memiliki” bagi penonton. Film ini menjadi penanda penting dalam politik dagang Amerika di wilayah Asia, di mana peluncuran film terjadi di saat bersamaan dengan banyaknya tragedi Asian Hate di wilayah Amerika dan Eropa. Raya and the Last Dragon is one of the Walt Disney Animation Studio films released in early 2021. The film tells the adventures of a character named Raya in the land of Kumandra who is looking for dragons to eradicate enemies and save the world. The film shows strong elements of color, background, assets, attributes, life values, habits, and customs which are very close to the daily lives of people in Southeast Asia. Based on these indications, there is an identity politics that reflects the nation in Southeast Asian region. This study aims to examine how identity politics is formed and influences the audience's perception of appreciating Southeast Asian culture. The research method uses a qualitative approach and analyzed using the theory of identity politics. Results of the study conclude that identity politics built through values of life, asset design, and character design for the film Raya and the Last Dragon has succeeded in building perceptions about Southeast Asia, as a cultured and characterized nation with spiritual values to coexist with other nations, living things, and the universe. However, the absence of an Asian voice actor in the film, which was first released in English, caused the audience to lose the element of a sense of belonging. This film became an important mark in American trade politics in the Southeast Asian region, where the film's release occurred at the same time as the many Asian Hate tragedies in American and Europe.

PEMBERIAN SUPLEMEN KOLAGEN TERHADAP ELASTISITAS DAN WARNA KULIT WANITA MENOPAUSE

ABSTRACT GIVING COLLAGENT SUPPLEMENTS ON ELASTICITYAND MENOPAUSE WOMEN'S SKIN COLOR Background: Physical changes that are generally more visible when a person reaches menopause are changes in skin elasticity and skin color. Reduced water and oil content in the skin will result in reduced skin elasticity resulting in fine lines and wrinkles on the skin and factors that cause skin discoloration are the use of drugs, use of unsafe cosmetics or absorption of ultraviolet (UV) rays. that comes from sunlight. This is caused by reduced collagen production by cells. Due to the reduced amount of collagen, there will also be a reduction in the amount of reduced glycosaminoglycans which then results in reduced skin turgor.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of collagen consumption on skin elasticity and skin color in menopausal women in Cikande, Serang District, Banten Province.Methods: This study used quantitative descriptive statistics with a Quasi-Experimental research design with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design approach, which is a quasi-experiment where a group is measured and observed before and after the treatment (treatement). The sample of this research was 20 menopausal women in July in Cikande Village, Serang Regency, Banten Province.Results: Based on the results of the Paired Samples statistical test before and after collagen consumption on skin elasticity, a P value of 0.0118 was obtained from the significance value α => 0.05, this indicates that there is no effect between collagen consumption on skin elasticity. Based on the results of the Paired Samples statistical test before and after collagen consumption on skin color, the P value was obtained of 0.603 from the significance value α => 0.05, this indicates that there is no effect between collagen consumption on skin color.Conclusion: There is no effect of collagen consumption on skin elasticity and skin color in menopausal women in Cikande Village, Serang Regency, Banten Province. Suggestion:It is hoped that further researchers can carry out further research on the effect of collagen consumption on skin elasticity and skin color and for future researchers to be able to continue this research, as well as become a reference in conducting further research and can be developed again, especially on variables that have not been studied. Keywords: Menopause, Collagen, Skin elasticity, Skin color ABSTRAKLatar Belakang:Perubahan fisik yang umumnya lebih terlihat nampak ketika seorang sampai pada masa menopause adalah perubahan terhadap elastisitas kulit dan warna kulit.Berkurangnya kadar air dan minyak didalam kulit akan mengakibatkan berkurangnya elastisitas kulit sehingga timbul garis-garis halus dan kerut-kerut pada kulit dan faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan warna kulit adalah penggunaan obat-obatan, penggunaan kosmetik yang tidak aman atau penyerapan sinar ultraviolet (UV) yang berasal dari cahaya matahari. Hal ini disebabkan oleh berkurangnya produksi kolagen yang dilakukan oleh sel. Akibat berkurangnya jumlah kolagen maka akan berkurang pula jumlah pengurangan glycosaminoglycans yang kemudian berakibat pada berkurangnya turgor kulitTujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi kolagen terhadap elastisitas kulit dan warna kulit pada wanita menopause di Kelurahan Cikande Kabupaten Serang Provinsi Banten.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif stastistik deskriptif dengan desain penelitian Quasi-Eksperimen dengan pendekatan One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design yang merupakan quasi-experiment dimana sebuah kelompok diukur dan diobservasi sebelum dan setelah perlakuan (treatement).Sample penelitian ini adalah 20 wanita menopause pada bulan Juli di Kelurahan Cikande Kabupaten Serang Provinsi Banten.Hasil Penelitian:Berdasarkan hasil uji Paired Samples statistik sebelum dan sesudah konsumsi kolagen terhadap elastisitas kulit diperoleh nilai P value sebesar 0,0118 dari angka kemaknaan α = > 0,05 hal tersebut menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh antara konsumsi kolagen terhadap elastisitas kulit. Berdasarkan hasil uji Paired Samples statistik sebelum dan sesudah konsumsi kolagen terhadap warna kulit diperoleh nilai P value sebesar 0,603 dari angka kemaknaan α = > 0,05 hal tersebut menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh antara konsumsi kolagen terhadap warna kulit.Kesimpulan:Tidak ada pengaruh konsumsi kolagen terhadap elastisitas kulit dan warna kulit pada wanita menopause di di Kelurahan Cikande Kabupaten Serang Provinsi Banten.Saran:Diharapkan bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat melakukan penelitian lebih lanjutmengenai pengaruh konsumsi kolagen terhadap elastisitas kulit dan warna kulit dan bagi peneliti selanjutnya agar dapat melanjutkan penelitian ini, serta menjadi sebuah acuan dalam melakukan penelitian selanjutnya dan dapat dikembangkan lagi terutama pada variabel-variabel yang belum diteliti. Kata Kunci:Menopause, Kolagen, Elastisitas kulit, Warna kulit.

Mari holiday of Peledysh Payrem: crossroads of spiritual traditions

Introduction. There is a special holiday in the traditional festive culture of the Mari people. It appeared in 1920 as a result of a new proletarian culture based on the archaic Mari rites: Agavayrem and Lyshtash Payrem / Semyk and it was called Peledysh Payrem (“Flower Festival). The purpose of this article is to analyze the unique national Soviet holiday, which was established at the crossroads of the spiritual traditions of the Mari people. In XXI century, it became the interregional public holiday. The research considers festive culture as a dialogue between the past and the present in the ethnocultural tradition, as its dynamics in the conditions of “Sovietness” and post-Soviet times, as a reflection of the transformations of the Mari ethnic identity. The author proposes a culturological discourse for analyzing the Peledysh Payrem holiday as representation of the cultural memory of the Mari people in the XX–XXI centuries. Materials and Methods. The sources that made it possible to consider the modern Mari holiday Peledysh Payrem in its semantic dynamics, determined by transformations in the political, economic, social and cultural spheres, and became the material for studying the stated problem. The author formulates the answers to the research questions posed as a result of the application of a cultural analysis of the sources on this topic, the use of historical-comparative, hermeneutic methods, and a semiotic approach. Results and Discussion. In any national culture, there are holidays as its most ancient and constantly reproduced element. In certain periods of history, they may experience decline or revival, depending on the dynamics of the value system. While the value / idea is alive, it can be represented in festive rites. With the decline of faith, the need for a holiday disappears. A new idea appears and a new holiday appears. In the history of the culture of the Mari people, this happened with the holiday Peledysh Payrem, the peer of the Mari autonomy. Initially it was called Yoshkar Peledysh Payrem (“Red Flower Festival” or “Red Flower Festival”). The semantics of the red color clearly indicated the red color background of the October Revolution, the triumph of the new social system in the new Russia. From the very beginning, the new holiday personified the transformation of the old festive tradition, very significant for the Mari people, and acquired a new symbolic and semantic meaning, new symbolism and semiotics. Conclusion. An analysis of the transformation of the archaic Mari holidays Agavayrem and Lyshtash Payrem / Semyk into the Soviet and post-Soviet Peledysh Payrem indicates that tradition forms the collective memory of the people, ensures its self-identity and continuity in development. Tradition as a socio-natural mentality serves as a basic value that predetermines the balanced stability of the cultural model. This, in turn, contributes to the formation of modern culture-generating spaces in society.

PENGARUH RESIN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN WARNA PADA CAT TEMBOK

The Influence of Resin against the Change of Color on the Wall PaintThe quality of the paint is determined by the resin used. Synthetic resins for polymer paints are made by combining several monomers to achieve various characteristics. The incorporation of some monomers such as polyvinyl acetate resin, acrylic vinyl resin and acrylic styrene resin which act as a binder can affect the quality of the paint especially the color change. The purpose of this study is to find the color changes that occur on the wall paint by using Poly Styrene Acrylic , Poly Vinyl Acetate and Poly Vinyl Acrylic. From the results of the measurement of color difference, significant color change occurs in the Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVAc) + Poly Vinyl Acrylic (PVA) and Poly Styrene Acrylic (PSA). The results of the quality test of the three resins based on pH test, scrub test and viscosity test, PSA has better quality compared to PVA + PVAc and PVA resin. From the color difference measurement test, some things need to be considered, are temperature, film thickness, substrate color/background color and measurement conditions (measured in wet sample/in plate/dry surface) and test on resin added additive according to the type of each resin.Keywords: Paint, Resin, Color Changes, Poly Vinyl Acetate, Poly Styrene.ABSTRAK Kualitas dari cat sangat ditentukan oleh resin yang digunakan. Resin sintetis untuk cat berupa polimer yang dibuat dengan menggabung beberapa monomer untuk mencapai berbagai karakteristik. Penggabungan dari beberapa monomer seperti resin poli vinil asetat, resin vinil akrilik dan resin stirena akrilik yang berfungsi sebagai pengikat mampu mempengaruhi kualitas cat terutama dari perubahan warna. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan warna yang terjadi pada cat tembok dengan menggunakan Poli Stirena Akrilik, Poli Vinil asetat dan Poli Vinil Akrilik. Dari hasil pengukuran perbedaan warna, perubahan warna cukup signifikan terjadi pada resin Poli vinil Asetat (PVAc) + Poli Vinil Akrilik (PVA) dan resin Poli Stirena Akrilik (PSA). Hasil uji Kualitas cat dari ketiga resin berdasarkan uji pH, uji scrub dan uji viscositas, PSA memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan resin PVA+PVAc dan PVA. Dari pengujian pengukuran perbedaan warna, beberapa hal yang perlu di perhatikan, yaitu suhu, film thickness, warna substrat/background color dan kondisi pengukuran (diukur dalam keadaan wet sample/dalam bentuk plate/dry surface) dan pengujian terhadap resin yang ditambahkan zat aditif yang sesuai dengan tipe masing-masing resin tersebut.Kata Kunci: Cat, Resin, Perubahan Warna, Poli Vinil, Poli Stirena.

The Use of Composite Layering Technique to Mask a Discolored Background: Color Analysis of Masking Ability After Aging—Part II

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the layering technique to mask a discolored background (C4) after one year of water aging. The technique was used with three resin composite restorative systems (IPS Empress Direct, Charisma Diamond, and Filtek Z350XT). Ninety 1.5-mm-thick specimens were divided into groups and subgroups according to the restorative system and resin composite shade combination used in the layering technique (enamel, body, and dentin). The color measurements were made by reflection spectrophotometer (SP60, EX-Rite) over the C4 substrate at two time points: after 24-hour water immersion (T0) and after one-year water aging (T1). The masking ability was evaluated by calculating the ΔE between an inherent color background and a C4 background at T0 and T1. CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas were used for comparative analysis between T0 and T1 color measurements. Analysis of variance and Turkey's post hoc test (a=0.05) were performed to analyze ΔEab and ΔE00 mean values. The Z350XT restorative system presented adequate masking ability in the combinations of 0.5 mm body + 1.0 mm dentin, 0.5 mm enamel + 1.0 mm dentin, and 1.5 mm dentin after 24-hour water immersion. The masking ability was affected negatively by water aging in most of the combinations. The IPS Empress Direct was the only system that remained stable after aging in the combinations of 0.5 mm enamel + 1.0 mm dentin and + 1.5 mm dentin (p=0.05 and p=0.47 for CIELAB; p=0.15 and p=0.51 for CIEDE2000), although it did not present adequate masking ability in both time points. None of the combinations of any system presented adequate masking ability after prolonged water aging.