Review on the Prices of Shipment Keep Rising in Perspective of Global Shipping Supply Chain Disruption

The global spread of the pandemic has led to the stop of various industries, the shutdown of enterprises, the unemployment of workers and other problems. Recently, one of the issues that have aroused widespread global concern is the problem that the international shipping prices represented by the trans Pacific route continuously rising. This is the apparent performance of the global shipping supply chain interruption and brings interruption to the global supply chain. International shipping is a barometer of the international economic. The reasons behind the sharp rise in shipping prices are complex and diverse. The labor shortage under the pandemic is the root cause of low operation efficiency. The serious shortage of export containers in Asia is the direct cause of demand exceeds supply. The imbalance of international trade is the internal reason for the increase in demand. In addition, there are additional reasons such as the congestion accident in Suez Canal. In order to deal with this situation, each governments use policies, decrees and other measures to intervene moderately on the basis of the market power to restore balance for hoping to recover as soon as possible. But some international organizations related to this issue hold the opposite attitude. Shipping operators have interests directly relevant should reasonably dispatch all available transport capacity to meet demand, rationally treat and make use of short-term high profits and actively cooperate in the face of national survey, review and supervision. The problem of global shipping supply chain interruption needs to be solved jointly by all parties and strengthen pandemic control then solve the problem from the source, to release the delayed transportation efficiency as soon as possible to restore the global shipping supply chain and promote the recovery of the world economy.

Deformation superposition effect of asphalt mixture based on experiments and micromechanical modeling

Under multi-wheel heavy load, the asphalt mixture is prone to exhibit the deformation superposition effect, which exacerbates the damage of pavement structure. Multi-point penetration tests and numerical simulations by discrete element method (DEM) are performed to investigate the deformation superposition effect and micromechanical characteristics of asphalt mixture. The effect of wheel spacing, wheel group, and the evolution of micromechanical deformation superposition behavior are analyzed. Results indicate that the deformation superposition resistance of the asphalt mixture under the multi-wheel load decreases dramatically with the decrease in wheel spacing and the increase in the number of wheels, specifically the wheel spacing is 54 mm and the number of wheels is 4. The DEM simulations reflect the micromechanical property of asphalt mixture in the multi-point penetration test. The reduction of tensile chains is the internal reason for asphalt mixture deformation superposition, indicating the decrease of the adhesive strength of the material. A remarkably positive correlation is found between the reduction of the tensile chain and the deformation effect coefficient. In the process of superposition, the aggregate skeleton force chains are gradually destroyed and decrease to zero until cracking. The numerical simulation outcome is consistent with the laboratory penetration test outcome.

Deformation Superposition Effect of Asphalt Mixture Based on Experiments and Micromechanical Modeling

Under multi-wheel heavy load, the asphalt mixture is prone to exhibit the deformation superposition effect, which exacerbates the damage of pavement structure. Multi-point penetration tests and numerical simulations by discrete element method (DEM) are performed to investigate the deformation superposition effect and micromechanical characteristics of asphalt mixture. The effect of wheel spacing, wheel group, and the evolution of micromechanical deformation superposition behavior are analyzed. Results indicate that the deformation superposition resistance of the asphalt mixture under the multi-wheel load decreases considerably with the increase in wheel spacing and the number of wheels. The DEM simulations reflect the micromechanical property of asphalt mixture in the multi-point penetration test. The reduction of tensile chains is the internal reason for asphalt mixture deformation superposition, indicating the decrease of the adhesive strength of the material. A remarkably positive correlation is found between the reduction of the tensile chain and the deformation effect coefficient. In the process of superposition, the aggregate skeleton force chains are gradually destroyed and decrease to zero until cracking. The numerical simulation outcome is consistent with the laboratory penetration test outcome.

Highly thermally conductive carbon nanotubes pillared exfoliated graphite/polyimide composites

In this work, carbon nanotubes pillared grew on exfoliated graphite by the microwave-assisted method is utilized as thermally conductive fillers (CPEG) in polyimide (PI) to fabricate CPEG/PI thermally conductive composites with the combining ways of “in-situ polymerization, electrospinning, lay-up, and hot-pressing”. The prepared CPEG/PI composites realized the maximum thermal conductivity (λ, 1.92 W m−1 K−1) at low CPEG amount (10 wt%), much higher than that of pure PI (0.28 W m−1 K−1). The λ of CPEG/PI composites show almost no change after 1000 cycles of heating and cooling at the temperature of 25−100 °C. The finite element analysis simulates the nano-/microscale heat transfer in CPEG/PI composites to reveal the internal reason of the λ enhancement. The improved thermal conductivity model and empirical equation could better reflect the actual λ change trend of CPEG/PI composites. The actual application test shows the CPEG/PI composites could significantly reduce the operating temperature of the CPU in mobile phone.

Influence of Emitter Structure on Its Hydraulic Performance Based on the Vortex

The rectangular labyrinth emitter is taken as the study object in this article, as we added internal teeth to vortex-free and vortex areas in its lateral channel or lengthened the vertical channel, to change the channel structure. Using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method simulates the water flow field, to get the relationship between flow rate and pressure, and the vortexes distribution in channel. The aim of this study is to explore the reasons for the influence of structural change on hydraulic performance of the emitter through the analysis of vortex intensity and its distribution from the perspective of the vortex. The results show that the relative error of simulated results and experimental data was 1.02–2.11%. Adding internal teeth to vortex-free areas in lateral channel can improve hydraulic performance of the emitter; adding them to vortex areas can reduce it. The increase in vortex number and intensity in flow field is the internal reason for the improvement of the emitter’s hydraulic performance. The channel structure changes promote the formation of a larger velocity gradient, and the increase in the velocity gradient in flow field exacerbates vortex formation. Changing channel structure to improve the emitter’s hydraulic performance can promote an increase in the number and intensity of vortexes in the channel.

Demotivating Reasons Impartiality

This chapter critiques two arguments for a reasons impartiality constraint. Christensen’s “restaurant argument” presents a case of disagreement where it is intuitively clear that the disputants cannot legitimately rely on their contested reasoning and that they should give equal weight to their competing views. Christensen argues that to explain these verdicts, one must appeal to a demanding epistemic impartiality requirement he calls “independence.” Against this, it is argued that the intuitive verdicts in the example can be explained by weaker principles, including an internal reason constraint and an agent impartiality constraint. Schellenberg’s “doxastic minimalism argument” holds that genuine investigators will extend default trust to all and only those doxastic practices that are universal and humanly unavoidable. It is argued that Schellenberg relies on an overly restrictive conception of the aims of inquiry, and that even given this conception, his criteria of universality and unavoidability lack a principled basis.

Disagreement-Motivated Religious Skepticism and the Commitment to Impartiality

This chapter begins by clarifying the focus of the book, which is what may be called the “higher-order argument for disagreement-motivated religious skepticism.” A key premise of this argument is that a suitably informed religious believer lacks justification for thinking that his or her process of religious belief formation is significantly more reliable than the collective reliability of the processes that otherwise epistemically qualified people use to form religious beliefs. Arguments for this premise that appeal to the rational symmetry of competing processes of religious belief formation are shown to be inadequate. It is argued that a viable argument for the key premise must posit three constraints on the factors that may justifiably ground epistemic self-trust in the face of religious disagreement: an “internal reason constraint,” an “agent impartiality constraint,” and a “reasons impartiality constraint.”

Mamardashvili, Merab Konstantinovich (1930–90)

Merab Mamardashvili was one of the Soviet Union’s most influential thinkers in the fields of phenomenology and philosophy of consciousness. Although he preferred the Socratic genres of the dialogue, interview and philosophical meditation to the abstract rigours of more systematic philosophy, he left substantial published work on Descartes, Hegel, Kant and French literature (especially Proust). Mamardashvili began his career as a historian of philosophy, with a series of close readings of Karl Marx. By the 1970s he had evolved his own distinctive style of ‘philosophizing out loud’, addressing the foundations of European philosophy based on Descartes and Kant, at the core of which was the search for the ‘free phenomenon’ (svobodnyi fenomen) or the ‘event of a thought’ (sobytie mysli). In Kantian fashion, Mamardashvili attended to those a priori conditions of lived experience which govern that moment when reality enters the transcendental realm – but he switched the emphasis: rather than the mental problems presented by the a priori moment, Mamardashvili concentrated on what he called a ‘metaphysics of the a posteriori’, that is, on the actual event, or advent, of a thought. Perhaps the single motivating question of his life was: ‘How is a new thought possible?’ Among his many answers, developed in public lectures and interviews during the last twenty years of his life, was the notion that the very processes of thought provoke ‘hearing a thought’ in another. From this follows his concern with dialogic forms and his interest in the Cartesian dualism of soul and body – not as a necessary truth but as a ‘productive tautology’ that makes internal reason and a ‘grammatical’ analysis of thinking possible on a palpable basis.

Experimental Research on Energy Release Characteristics of Water-Bearing Sandstone Alongshore Wharf

It is important to evaluate the deformation and failure of sandstone in the foundation engineering of coast, river bank and lake shore. While the deformation and failure of sandstone is a comprehensive result of energy release and dissipation, and energy release is the internal reason which leads to global failure of the sandstone. The experimental analysis is conducted on the character of energy revolution of the sandstone specimen by rating loading and unloading, and the catastrophe model is followed in analyzing elastic strain energy accumulation and release in rock deformation and failure. The index based on elastic energy release is proposed to assess the rock brittleness. It is found that increasing water content is to relieve energy release and catastrophe failure of the rock specimen, and weakening the capacity of elastic energy storage. The peak and residual values of elastic energy are raised as the confining pressure increases, and the post-peak released energy decreases progressively. The confining pressure strengthens energy storage and inhibits energy release of the rock specimen, and saturation of rock will weaken this inhibit effect. The brittleness index decreases with increasing confining pressure as the rock specimen transforming from brittle to ductile.

Systematic Analysis of Coal Miners’ Safety Behavior Based on System Dynamics Model

Case study of 300 typical coal mine accident indicates that coal miners’ unsafe behavior is the major internal reason causing coal mine accidents. Factors affecting coal miners’ unsafe behavior were identified because of human’s complexity. We built the relatively entire system of coal miners’ safety behavior and quantitatively analyzed Coal miners’ unsafe behavior system, then explained the path and divergence of impact factors within the system in detail. Management decision can be formulated to advance management level in coal mine industry accordingly.