Genetic diversity and association of motilin receptor gene between growth traits in Nigerian improved native chickens

The study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity and association of motilin receptor gene between growth traits in Nigerian improved native chickens by using 150 chickens of mixed sexes comprised of 50 naked neck, 50 Normal feathered and 50 Frizzled feathered. The birds were kept for 16 weeks during which feed and water were supplied ad libitum as well as medications/vaccinations. During this period, data on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight, wing length, shank length, drumstick, body length, height at withers and breast girth were collected. Blood samples were collected for DNA extraction at the 16 week. Polymerase Chain Reaction and sequencing was done. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results revealed C>G mutation that was associated with the growth data. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference between the haplotypes (CC and CG) in feed intake although, CG haplotype (mutant gene) recorded the numerical higher value (3584.00±11.96g). Significant effect (p<0.05) was observed for feed conversion ratio with a range of 4.17±0.09 in CG to 4.22±0.11 in CC. Body weight was also significant (p<0.05) with values ranging from 1672.00±32.93g in CC to 1954.00±29.45g in CG. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference between the haplotype CC (normal) and haplotype CG (mutant) for wing length, shank length, drumstick, body length, height at withers and breast girth. The highest estimates of evolutionary divergence between sequences (0.046) were observed between naked neck chickens and Normal feathered chickens. Normal feathered chicken had the highest within mean group genetic distance of 0.143. These results if properly harnessed could assist in the improvement of the Nigeria local chicken in terms of improved growth performance. L'étude a été menée pour évaluer la diversité génétique et l'association du gène du récepteur de la motiline entre les traits de croissance chez des poulets indigènes améliorés nigérians en utilisant 150 poulets de sexes mixtes comprenant 50 à cou nu, 50 à plumes normales et 50 à plumes frisées. Les oiseaux ont été gardés pendant 16 semaines au cours desquelles de la nourriture et de l'eau ont été fournies ad libitum ainsi que des médicaments/vaccinations. Au cours de cette période, des données sur la prise alimentaire, le taux de conversion alimentaire, le poids corporel, la longueur des ailes, la longueur du jarret, le pilon, la longueur du corps, la hauteur au garrot et la circonférence de la poitrine ont été recueillies. Des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés pour l'extraction d'ADN à la 16e semaine. La réaction en chaîne par polymérase et le séquençage ont été effectués. Les données recueillies ont été soumises à une analyse de variance (ANOVA). Les résultats ont révélé une mutation C>G associée aux données de croissance. Il n'y avait pas de différence significative (p>0,05) entre les haplotypes (CC et CG) dans la prise alimentaire bien que l'haplotype CG (gène mutant) ait enregistré la valeur numérique la plus élevée (3584,00±11,96g). Un effet significatif (p<0,05) a été observé pour le taux de conversion alimentaire avec une plage de 4,17 ± 0,09 en CG à 4,22 ± 0,11 en CC. Le poids corporel était également significatif (p<0,05) avec des valeurs allant de 1672,00 ± 32,93 g en CC à 1954,00 ± 29,45 g en CG. Il n'y avait pas de différence significative (p>0,05) entre l'haplotype CC (normal) et l'haplotype CG (mutant) pour la longueur des ailes, la longueur du jarret, le pilon, la longueur du corps, la hauteur au garrot et la circonférence de la poitrine. Les estimations les plus élevées de divergence évolutive entre les séquences (0,046) ont été observées entre les poulets à cou nu et les poulets à plumes normales. Le poulet à plumes normal avait la distance génétique la plus élevée au sein du groupe moyen de 0,143. Ces résultats, s'ils sont correctement exploités, pourraient contribuer à l'amélioration du poulet local du Nigeria en termes de performances de croissance améliorées

Roles of Endothelial Motilin Receptor and Its Signal Transduction Pathway in Motilin-Induced Left Gastric Artery Relaxation in Dogs

Background: Motilin increases left gastric artery (LGA) blood flow in dogs via the endothelial motilin receptor (MLNR). This article investigates the signaling pathways of endothelial MLNR.Methods: Motilin-induced relaxation of LGA rings was assessed using wire myography. Nitric oxide (NO), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were measured using an NO assay kit and cGMP ELISA kit, respectively.Results: Motilin concentration-dependently (EC50=9.1±1.2×10−8M) relaxed LGA rings precontracted with U46619 (thromboxane A2 receptor agonist). GM-109 (MLNR antagonist) significantly inhibited motilin-induced LGA relaxation and the production of NO and cGMP. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM; G-protein antagonist), U73122 [phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor], and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB; inositol trisphosphate (IP3) blocker] partially or completely blocked vasorelaxation. In contrast, chelerythrine [protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor] and H89 [protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor] had no such effect. Low-calcium or calcium-free Krebs solutions also reduced vasorelaxation. N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [L-NAME; nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor] and ODQ [soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor] completely abolished vasodilation and synthesis of NO and cGMP. Indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor), 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid [18α-GA; myoendothelial gap junction (MEGJ) inhibitor], and K+ channel inhibition through high K+ concentrations or tetraethylammonium (TEA-Cl; KCa channel blocker) partially decreased vasorelaxation, whereas glibenclamide (KATP channel blocker) had no such effect.Conclusion: The current study suggests that motilin-induced LGA relaxation is dependent on endothelial MLNR through the G protein-PLC-IP3 pathway and Ca2+ influx. The NOS-NO-sGC-cGMP pathway, prostacyclin, MEGJ, and K+ channels (especially KCa) are involved in endothelial-dependent relaxation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells.

Motilin Comparative Study: Structure, Distribution, Receptors, and Gastrointestinal Motility

Motilin, produced in endocrine cells in the mucosa of the upper intestine, is an important regulator of gastrointestinal (GI) motility and mediates the phase III of interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) in the stomach of humans, dogs and house musk shrews through the specific motilin receptor (MLN-R). Motilin-induced MMC contributes to the maintenance of normal GI functions and transmits a hunger signal from the stomach to the brain. Motilin has been identified in various mammals, but the physiological roles of motilin in regulating GI motility in these mammals are well not understood due to inconsistencies between studies conducted on different species using a range of experimental conditions. Motilin orthologs have been identified in non-mammalian vertebrates, and the sequence of avian motilin is relatively close to that of mammals, but reptile, amphibian and fish motilins show distinctive different sequences. The MLN-R has also been identified in mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates, and can be divided into two main groups: mammal/bird/reptile/amphibian clade and fish clade. Almost 50 years have passed since discovery of motilin, here we reviewed the structure, distribution, receptor and the GI motility regulatory function of motilin in vertebrates from fish to mammals.

Motilin receptor in GtoPdb v.2021.2

Motilin receptors (provisional nomenclature) are activated by motilin, a 22 amino-acid peptide derived from a precursor (MLN, P12872), which may also generate a motilin-associated peptide. There are significant species differences in the structure of motilin and its receptor. In humans and large mammals such as dog, activation of these receptors by motilin released from endocrine cells in the duodenal mucosa during fasting, induces propulsive phase III movements. This activity is associated with promoting hunger in humans. Drugs and other non-peptide compounds which activate the motilin receptor may generate a more long-lasting ability to increase cholinergic activity within the upper gut, to promote gastrointestinal motility; this activity is suggested to be responsible for the gastrointestinal prokinetic effects of certain macrolide antibiotics (often called motilides; e.g. erythromycin, azithromycin), although for many of these molecules the evidence is sparse. Relatively high doses may induce vomiting and in humans, nausea.

Motilin receptor (version 2020.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Motilin receptors (provisional nomenclature) are activated by motilin, a 22 amino-acid peptide derived from a precursor (MLN, P12872), which may also generate a motilin-associated peptide. Activation of these receptors by endogenous motilin released from endocrine cells within the mucosa of the duodenum during fasting, induces propulsive phase III movements, part of the gastric migrating motor complex, and promotes the sensation of hunger. Drugs and other non-peptide compounds which activate the motilin receptor may generate a more long-lasting ability to increase cholinergic activity within the upper gut, to promote gastrointestinal motility; this activity is suggested to be responsible for the gastrointestinal prokinetic effects of certain macrolide antibiotics (often called motilides; e.g. erythromycin), although for many of these molecules the evidence is sparse. Relatively high doses of these compounds may induce vomiting and in humans, nausea.

Motilin receptor (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Motilin receptors (provisional nomenclature) are activated by motilin, a 22 amino-acid peptide derived from a precursor (MLN, P12872), which may also generate a motilin-associated peptide. These receptors promote gastrointestinal motility and are suggested to be responsible for the gastrointestinal prokinetic effects of certain macrolide antibiotics (often called motilides; e.g. erythromycin), although for many of these molecules the evidence is sparse.