Models Of Forecasting Of Enterprise’s Behavior In Non-Stationary External Environment

In conditions of a high level of market economy instability, an enterprise's behavior is a complex phenomenon that depends on the impact of numerous external and internal factors. This determines the need to develop specific tools for modeling the behavior of the production system to support its competitiveness. The article is devoted to the construction of forecasting models of an enterprise's behavior, namely: 1) a predicting model of the production system's activities that combines the resource capabilities of the enterprise with the state and prospects of branch development; 2) a model of determining the sustainability of the enterprise's development trajectory. The first model contains the production component in the form of the Cobb-Douglas function; financial, labor, innovative and enterprise’s image components, represented by autoregressive functions. The specifically feature of the constructed model is to use capital and labor resources of the enterprise as factors that ensure the transfer and interaction of internal and external fluctuations of the production system. To using factors of the export volume and the gross value added of the branch in the enterprise’s image component allowed to have regard to the development opportunities of the enterprise in the national economy. To determine the stability of the enterprise's development trajectory, the study uses Lyapunov's theory of stability. The general integral factor proposes to use as a factor that reflects the trend of the enterprise’s behavior. Models tested on the data of two industrial enterprises in Morocco.

Hyperosmotic phase separation: Condensates beyond inclusions, granules and organelles

Biological liquid-liquid phase separation has gained considerable attention in recent years as a driving force for the assembly of subcellular compartments termed membraneless organelles. The field has made great strides in elucidating the molecular basis of biomolecular phase separation in various disease, stress-response and developmental contexts. Many important biological consequences of such “condensation” are now emerging from in vivo studies. Here we review recent work from our group and others showing that many proteins undergo rapid, reversible condensation in the cellular response to ubiquitous environmental fluctuations such as osmotic changes. We discuss molecular crowding as an important driver of condensation in these responses and suggest that a significant fraction of the proteome is poised to undergo phase separation under physiological conditions. In addition, we review methods currently emerging to visualize, quantify and modulate the dynamics of intracellular condensates in live cells. Finally, we propose a metaphor for rapid phase separation based on cloud formation, reasoning that our familiar experiences with the readily reversible condensation of water droplets help understand the principle of phase separation. Overall, we provide an account of how biological phase separation supports the highly intertwined relationship between the composition and dynamic internal organization of cells, thus facilitating extremely rapid reorganization in response to internal and external fluctuations.

NRT1.1-centered nitrate signaling in plants

Plants need efficient nitrate (NO3–) sensing systems and sophisticated signaling pathways to develop a wide range of adaptive responses to external fluctuations of NO3– supply. In Arabidopsis thaliana, numerous molecular regulators have been identified to participate in signaling pathways that respond specifically to NO3–. In contrast, only a single NO3– sensing system has been described to date, relying on the NRT1.1 (NPF6.3/CHL1) NO3– transceptor. NRT1.1 governs a wide range of responses to NO3–, from fast reprogramming of genome expression (the primary nitrate response) to longer-term developmental changes (effects on lateral root development). NRT1.1 appears to be at the center of a complex network of signaling pathways, involving numerous molecular players acting downstream and/or upstream of it. Interestingly, some of these regulators are involved in crosstalk with the signaling pathways of other nutrients, such as inorganic phosphate or potassium. Although NRT1.1-mediated NO3– sensing and signaling has mostly been documented in Arabidopsis, recent evidence indicates that similar mechanisms involving NRT1.1 orthologues are operative in rice. This review aims to delineate how the NRT1.1 sensing system and the downstream/upstream transduction cascades are integrated to control both the expression of NO3–-responsive genes and the induced plasticity of root development.

Large enhancement of thermoelectric performance in MoS2/h-BN heterostructure due to vacancy-induced band hybridization

Local impurity states arising from atomic vacancies in two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets are predicted to have a profound effect on charge transport due to resonant scattering and can be used to manipulate thermoelectric properties. However, the effects of these impurities are often masked by external fluctuations and turbostratic interfaces; therefore, it is challenging to probe the correlation between vacancy impurities and thermoelectric parameters experimentally. In this work, we demonstrate that n-type molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) supported on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate reveals a large anomalous positive Seebeck coefficient with strong band hybridization. The presence of vacancies on MoS2with a large conduction subband splitting of 50.0 ± 5.0 meV may contribute to Kondo insulator-like properties. Furthermore, by tuning the chemical potential, the thermoelectric power factor can be enhanced by up to two orders of magnitude to 50 mW m−1K−2. Our work shows that defect engineering in 2D materials provides an effective strategy for controlling band structure and tuning thermoelectric transport.

Diffuse CO2 degassing precursors of the January 2020 eruption of Taal volcano, Philippines

<p>Taal Volcano produces powerful eruptions and is the largest volcanic threat to the Phillipines. Six of the 24 known eruptions since 1572 have resulted in fatalities, and today several million people live with a 20-km radius. Since 2008, our volcano research group has conducted a collaborative research program with Phillipine scientists on applied geochemistry for volcano monitoring. One of the outcomes of this collaborative research was to observed precursor signals to the January 2020 eruptive activity.</p><p>Significant temporal variations in diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> emission at the Taal Crater Lake (TLC) was observed across the ~12 years. Two periods are especially noteworthy. From March 2010 to March 2011 the diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> emission rate increased from 763 ± 18  to 4.670 ± 159 tons per day. This anomalous increase coincided with the occurrence of a volcano-seismic unrest characterized mainly by a significant increase in the frequency of volcanic earthquakes, which was interpreted as indicating a new magma intrusion (Arpa et al., 2013; Hernández et al., 2017). A second anomalous diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> degassing at the TCL, from 860 ± 42 to 3.858 ± 584 tons per day during the period October 2016 to November 2017, was observed.</p><p>In addition to the geochemical surveys of diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> emission from the TCL, an automatic geochemical station for continuous monitoring of soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux at the northern sector of the Taal Volcano Island crater rim was installed on January 2016. Although short-temp fluctuations in the diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> emission time series have been partially driven by meteorological parameters, the major CO<sub>2</sub> efflux changes were not driven by such external fluctuations. The major long-term variation of the CO<sub>2</sub> emission was an increase trend of the moving average of soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux measurements (168 values) in 2017. Since 14 March, 2017, the station measured a sharp increase of CO<sub>2</sub> emission from ~0.1 up to 1.1 kg m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> in 9 hours and continued to show a sustained increase in time up to 2.9 kg m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> in November 2017. These combined geochemical and geophysical observations are most simply explained by magma recharge to the system, and represent precursor signals to the January 2020 eruptive activity.</p><p>Taal Volcano Background<br>Taal Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines and has produced some of its most powerful historical eruptions. Located on the southwestern part of Luzon Island, Taal consists of a 15-22-km prehistoric caldera, occupied by the Taal Lake and the active vent complex of Taal Volcano Island with its Crater Lake (TCL).</p><p>Arpa M. C. et al (2013). Geochemical evidence of magma intrusion inferred from diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and fumarole plume chemistry: the 2010–2011 volcanic unrest at Taal Volcano, Philippines. Bulletin of Volcanology,  DOI: 10.1007/s00445-013-0747-9.</p><p>Hernández P. A. et al (2017). The acid crater lake of Taal Volcano, Philippines: hydrogeochemical and hydroacoustic data related to the 2010–11 volcanic unrest. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437, DOI:10.1144/SP437.17</p>

Management and modelling of the industrial enterprise’s crisis situations

In conditions of national economy’s unstable development, the primary task of the enterprise internal management is to timely assess and predict the effects of external fluctuations on the state of the enterprise and to develop effective management decisions. The article aims to develop the methodological approach, which, based on a set of models for recognizing an artificial crisis or localizing a natural crisis, allows the crisis management of an enterprise considering its resource capabilities and stage of the life cycle as the interaction of system-forming spheres of life, namely production, financial, and labor. The practical value of the approach consists in developing a system of econometric and cognitive modeling models that allows developing a set of managerial decisions that are adaptive to external and internal fluctuations for localizing a natural crisis or recognizing an artificial crisis. The methodological approach was implemented at Ukrainian industrial enterprises. As the results of the study, several different scenarios of solutions for crisis management of the enterprise were obtained.

Controlling Fluctuated Chaotic Power Systems With Compensation of Input Saturation: Application to Electric Direct Current Machines

It is shown that brushless direct current (DC) motors (BLDCMs), which have found many useful applications in motion control areas, display chaotic behaviors. To avoid undesirable inherent oscillations of such DC motors, a control strategy should be adopted in the applications. So, the control problem of applied chaotic power systems is taken into account in this paper. Some important aspects of the design and implementation are considered to reach a suitable controller for the applications. In this regard, it is assumed that the system is fluctuated by unknown uncertainties and environmental noises. Additionally, a part of the system dynamics is supposed to be unknown in advance and the effects of nonlinear input saturation are fully taken into account. Then, a one input nonsmooth adaptive sliding mode controller is realized to handle the aforementioned issues. The proposed controller does not require any knowledge about the bounds of the system uncertainties and external fluctuations as well as about the parameters of the input saturation. The finite time convergence and robustness of the driven control scheme are mathematically proved and numerically illustrated using matlab simulations for DC motors.

Stochastically pumped adaptation and directional motion of molecular machines

Recent developments in synthetic molecular motors and pumps have sprung from a remarkable confluence of experiment and theory. Synthetic accomplishments have facilitated the ability to design and create molecules, many of them featuring mechanically bonded components, to carry out specific functions in their environment—walking along a polymeric track, unidirectional circling of one ring about another, synthesizing stereoisomers according to an external protocol, or pumping rings onto a long rod-like molecule to form and maintain high-energy, complex, nonequilibrium structures from simpler antecedents. Progress in the theory of nanoscale stochastic thermodynamics, specifically the generalization and extension of the principle of microscopic reversibility to the single-molecule regime, has enhanced the understanding of the design requirements for achieving strong unidirectional motion and high efficiency of these synthetic molecular machines for harnessing energy from external fluctuations to carry out mechanical and/or chemical functions in their environment. A key insight is that the interaction between the fluctuations and the transition state energies plays a central role in determining the steady-state concentrations. Kinetic asymmetry, a requirement for stochastic adaptation, occurs when there is an imbalance in the effect of the fluctuations on the forward and reverse rate constants. Because of strong viscosity, the motions of the machine can be viewed as mechanical equilibrium processes where mechanical resonances are simply impossible but where the probability distributions for the state occupancies and trajectories are very different from those that would be expected at thermodynamic equilibrium.