КВАЗАРИ І РЕГЕНЕРАЦІЯ ВОДНЮ. ЧАСТИНА 1.

The burning out of hydrogen in stars leads to a decrease in its content and the gradual accumulation in galaxies of heavy chemical elements. In the conditions of the eternal existence of the Universe in galaxies there must be reverse processes that ensure the recycling of the waste of stars. The main product of the work of the relevant mechanisms should be hydrogen with a certain proportion of "metals". The emerging hydrogen, together with an admixture of other elements, contributes to the renewal of the stellar composition of the host galaxy. Its emissions outside the galaxy are already a condition for the creation in the intergalactic space of new stellar islands - small galaxies. Based on the analysis of observational data, galactic processes responsible for the processing of stellar baryon waste are shown. These processes begin with the work of gravitational forces, collecting matter available for processing in the center of the galaxy, and then a central supermassive galactic object can be connected to them. With good luck, a quasar is ignited in the center of the galaxy, which implements the second part of the reverse processes. Modern ideas about the central galactic body do not indicate the possibility of the existence of such processes. And this fact comes from the basic theory, the consequences of which sometimes exceed the capabilities of Nature in their practical implementation. The “painful”, but necessary for physics, revision of its individual positions allows the central supermassive “black hole” to be regarded as a dark Mitchell star - Laplace. The mechanisms associated with the processing of stellar waste, as well as some of the consequences of them. Some of the effects are among the observational data of quasars, and they are given below. But the main evidence - astronomical – is reflected in the second part of the article. It is suggested that the fate of the central body - the supermassive galactic nucleus. Under the conditions of the ever-existing Universe, this forecast indicates extremely rare, but the most ambitious events in the Metagalaxy - explosions in galactic nuclei.

“KAGONMA” NH3 mapping observations of molecular clouds with Nobeyama 45m telescope

In the collapsing phase of a molecular cloud, the molecular gas temperature is a key to understand the evolutionary process from a dense molecular cloud to stars. In order to know this, mapping observations in NH3 lines are required. Therefore, we made them based on the FUGIN (FOREST Unbiased Galactic plane Imaging survey with Nobeyama 45m telescope). The 6 maps were observed in NH3 (J,K) = (1,1), (2,2), (3,3) and H2O maser lines and obtained temperature maps; some show temperature gradient in a cloud. Additionally 72 cores were observed. These candidates were called as KAGONMA or KAG objects as abbreviation of KAgoshima Galactic Object survey with Nobeyama 45-M telescope in Ammonia lines. We show the results of two regions in W33 and discuss their astrophysical properties.

Numerical Simulations of the Precessing Jets of SS433

The unique Galactic object SS433 contains the best-studied relativistic jets, and their physical parameters (velocity, temperature, density) are known to an astronomically unprecedented accuracy, i.e., to factors of order unity. The comparison of numerical simulations of these jets with observations provides deeper insight into the SS433/W50 system and is ideal for testing our understanding of the jet phenomenon in general.

Relationships between Galactic Radio Continuum and HαEmission

Radio continuum emission due to thermal bremsstrahlung and optical Hαspectral line emission arise from processes involving similar atomic entities and physical conditions. The relationship between the flux density of the emission from the two processes is mainly a function of the electron temperature of the emitting region, modified by other factors such as the mode of radiation transfer in the hydrogen spectrum. On the other hand, radio continuum radiation due to non-thermal synchrotron emission is formed by species and processes not involved in thermal emission. As a consequence, differences between the observed radio continuum emission and Hαemission from cosmic sources can provide reliable information on a variety of important physical aspects of the sources, including the relative importance of thermal and non-thermal radio emission and the degree of optical obscuration. This paper reviews the theory of the formation of Hαand the radio continuum in the interstellar medium (ISM), discusses some of the factors that must be considered in comparing observations made in the two frequency regimes, and summarises the properties of some classes of galactic object that emit both optical and radio radiation.

G359.3–0.82: An Unusual Radio Source

An unusual radio source exhibiting an axisymmetric, cometary morphology was recently reported by Yusef-Zadeh and Bally (1987) near the Galactic center. This source, G359.3–0.82, consists of a bright head containing a compact source followed by a tail exhibiting sinuous structure. Radio emission is highly polarized and has a nearly flat spectrum between λ6cm and λ20cm. Its location in the sky, spectrum, and lack of resemblance to any other extragalactic radio source suggested to us that this radio source is a Galactic object possibly lying near the Galactic center. New high-reslolution radio images obtained using the VLA confirm the remarkable morphology and strengthen the distinction between G359.3–0.82 and any known extragalactic radio source. The characteristics of G359.3–0.82 suggest that it may be a nonthermal radio wake produced by an object moving through the interstellar medium at a high relative velocity.

A Newly-Recognised Galactic Supernova Remnant with Shell-Type and Filled-Centre Features

While the number of galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) now known is fairly large (>150), the subset among these that are known to resemble the Crab Nebula is still distressingly small, about 15 or so (Green, 1984). Thus any object that can be unambiguously included in this exclusive club forms a valuable addition to our knowledge of this class. We report here observations of a newly recognised nonthermal galactic object, G18.94-l.06, having all the hallmarks of the classical shell-type SNRs, while also appearing to have a filled-centre component located inside the shell. Among the known Crab-like remnants, about one third show this dual nature (Green, 1984). This diagnosis of G18.94-1.06 is supported mainly by the variations in spectral index α (Sν∝ να) across the source, as seen between the two observation frequencies, 408 MHz and 5.0 GHz.