Mobile phone communication for improving uptake of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected pregnant women: updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective The aim of this systematic review is to provide some evidence on the use of mobile phone communication for improving ARV adherence during pregnancy, as well as to investigate whether text messaging on mobile phones could improve follow up in HIV exposed infants. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis, using CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), Scopus, MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL to search for studies in English published between 5 may 2016 to May 2021 that assessed the effects of mobile phone in HIV infected pregnant women. We used MetaPro version 3.0 to compute the OR 2 and RR and their 95%CI. We performed random-effects model meta analysis for estimating pooled outcomes. Results Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled maternal postpartum retention was (OR 2.20, 95%CI: 1.55 to 3.13, I2 = 53.20%, P < 0.001). In the same line, the pooled odds of ART uptake was (OR 1.5, 95%CI: 1.07 to 2.11, I2 =0%, P = 0.020) and we found statistically significant impact of mobile phone on HIV testing at 6 weeks and above among HIV exposed children (OR 1.89, 95%CI: 1.04 to 3. 48, I2 = OR 1.89, 95%CI: 1.04 to 3. 48, I2 =88.04%, P = 0.032). Conclusion In comparison to our previous review, this updated review focuses on moderate evidence for mobile phone communication in HIV-infected pregnant women. The results showed that using a mobile phone improved maternal post-partum retention, ART uptake, and infant HIV testing at 6 weeks and older.

Mobile Phone and Family Happiness, Mediating Role of Marital Communication: An Attachment Theory Perspective

Mobile phone communication has established itself as an essential element of people's personal and working lives medium of connection in daily interactions and relationships. It has thus become significant for the most intimate form of interpersonal relations, including marital relationships. This small-scale research seeks to find the importance of mobile phone communication in marriage and its influence on family happiness. The study unearths the patterns of mobile phone communication among married partners, by outlining the most common reasons for communicating with the spouse on a mobile phone. In this research, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire to collect data from 30 respondents who were married partners, staff, or students in one of the state-owned universities in South Kalimantan. Each of the respondents possessed a mobile phone. The Mann-Whitney test indicates that the males profoundly believed that mobile phone communication was more important to their marriage than females to strengthen their relationship. Also, the males reported a higher frequency of sending messages and calling their spouses. By and large, the study results describe the most common reasons for communicating with the spouse. The outstanding reason is maintaining a strong intimate relationship by keeping in touch, sharing updates, emotions, feelings, knowing about children, and ensuring the safety of each other through checking on one another using a mobile phone. The findings have significance in showing the need for continued communication in a marital relationship, especially by using the fastest and most comfortable means of mobile phone. Given the synchronous nature of mobile phone communication, the results indicate that married spouses cannot do without it, especially in this Information Society, where we need updates from our spouses, children, friends, and the situation at large.

Morningness–eveningness assessment from mobile phone communication analysis

Human behaviour follows a 24-h rhythm and is known to be governed by the individual chronotypes. Due to the widespread use of technology in our daily lives, it is possible to record the activities of individuals through their different digital traces. In the present study we utilise a large mobile phone communication dataset containing time stamps of calls and text messages to study the circadian rhythms of anonymous users in a European country. After removing the effect of the synchronization of East-West sun progression with the calling activity, we used two closely related approaches to heuristically compute the chronotypes of the individuals in the dataset, to identify them as morning persons or “larks” and evening persons or “owls”. Using the computed chronotypes we showed how the chronotype is largely dependent on age with younger cohorts being more likely to be owls than older cohorts. Moreover, our analysis showed how on average females have distinctly different chronotypes from males. Younger females are more larkish than males while older females are more owlish. Finally, we also studied the period of low calling activity for each of the users which is considered as a marker of their sleep period during the night. We found that while “extreme larks” tend to sleep more than “extreme owls” on the weekends, we do not observe much variation between them on weekdays. In addition, we have observed that women tend to sleep even less than males on weekdays while there is not much difference between them on the weekends.

Morningness-eveningness assessment from mobile phone communication analysis

Human behaviour follows a 24-hour rhythm and is known to be governed by the individual chronotypes. Due to the widespread use of technology in our daily lives, it is possible to record the activities of individuals through their different digital traces. In the present study we utilise a large mobile phone communication dataset containing time stamps of calls and text messages to study the circadian rhythms of anonymous users in a European country. After removing the effect of the synchronization of East-West sun progression with the calling activity, we used two closely related approaches to heuristically compute the chronotypes of the individuals in the dataset, to identify them as morning persons or “larks” and evening persons or “owls”. Using the computed chronotyes we showed how the chronotype is largely dependent on age with younger cohorts being more likely to be owls than older cohorts. Moreover, our analysis showed how on average females have distinctly different chronotypes from males. Younger females are more larkish than males while older females are more owlish. Finally, we also studied the period of low calling activity for each of the users which is considered as a marker of their sleep period during the night. We found that while “extreme larks” tend to sleep more than “extreme owls” on the weekends, we do not observe much variation between them on weekdays. In addition, we have observed that women tend to sleep even less than males on weekdays while there is not much difference between them on the weekends.

STUDY OF INSOMNIA SEVERITY INDEX AND NOMOPHOBIA SCORE AMONG MALE AND FEMALE RESPONDEN

Nomophobia is a term that describes a terrible feeling of being without a mobile device, or outside mobile phone communication, in today's world. It's on the rise between today's high school and college students. A number of college students are now using their mobile phones to shower. Sign and symptoms include Irritation, Panic, Nervousness, Anguish, and Inability to regulate or avoid using activities, severe disability, Depression, Anxiety, Social phobia. The treatment consisted of the use of medication, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and the application of evaluation tools.