Comparison of the Aircraft Noise Calculation Programs sonAIR, FLULA2 and AEDT with Noise Measurements of Single Flights

As aircraft noise affects large areas around airports, noise exposure calculations need to be highly accurate. In this study, we compare noise exposure measurements with calculations of several thousand single flights at Zurich and Geneva airports, Switzerland, of three aircraft noise calculation programs: sonAIR, a next-generation aircraft noise calculation program, and the two current best-practice programs FLULA2 and AEDT. For one part of the flights, we had access to flight data recorder (FDR) data, which contain flight configuration information that sonAIR can account for. For the other part, only radar data without flight configuration information were available. Overall, all three programs show good results, with mean differences between calculations and measurements smaller than ±0.5 dB in the close range of the airports. sonAIR performs clearly better than the two best-practice programs if FDR data are available. However, in situations without FDR data (reduced set of input data), sonAIR cannot exploit its full potential and performs similarly well as FLULA2 and AEDT. In conclusion, all three programs are well suited to determine averaged noise metrics resulting from complex scenarios consisting of many flights (e.g., yearly air operations), while sonAIR is additionally capable to highly accurately reproduce single flights in greater detail.

Research and Implementation of SCD Precision Decoupling in Intelligent Substation for Single Equipment Replacement

In the process of reconstruction and expansion of intelligent substation, it is difficult to accurately define the influence scope of SCD file upgrade. In the wake of each modification of SCD file, all configuration information contained in SCD needs to be re-verified, which greatly increases the workload of debugging, operation and maintenance of intelligent substation. Via decoupling SCD files, the problems of modification and re-verification of SCD files in the reconstruction and expansion stage can be tackled. In this paper, SCD precision decoupling method for smart substation with single equipment replacement is proposed, which makes SCD decoupling work more detailed, adaptable to various expansion and technical transformation of substation. The decoupling of SCD is refined from logical structure to physical link level, and the decoupling range of SCD is precisely determined, so as to minimize the modification and reverification range of SCD files and reduce the change risk caused by SCD modification.

Blockchain Consensus Mechanism Based on Improved Distributed Consistency and Hash Entropy

To improve the performance for distributed blockchain system, a novel and effective consensus algorithm is designed in this paper. It firstly constructs a more random additive constant through the generation matrix of the error correction code and uses the value of the hash entropy to prove that the constructed hash function can meet the requirements of high throughput and fast consensus in performance. In addition, a distributed consensus coordination service system is used in the blockchain system to realize the synchronization of metadata and ensure the consistency of block data, configuration information, and transaction information. The experiment results show that our proposed strategy can reduce the waste of computing resources, increase the block generation speed, and ensure the fairness of nodes participating in the competition, which is an effective solution to ensure the stable operation of the blockchain system.

Encoding stereochemical molecular information on cyclophanes using non-directional interactions and achiral building blocks

The stereoselective assembly of achiral constituents through a single spontaneous process into complex covalent architectures bearing multiple stereogenic elements currently seems out of reach to the synthetic chemist. It even seems beyond what nature itself has managed to attain through evolution. Here, we show that such an extreme level of control can be achieved by molecular programming, i.e. by implementing stereo-electronic information on synthetic organic building blocks and exploiting the features of the covalent reactions and interactions, whose interplay acts as a powerful assembling algorithm. Remarkably, we show that non-directional bonds and interactions can reliably transfer this information, delivering in near to physiological conditions, high-molecular weight macrocyclic species carrying up to 8-bits of conformational and configuration information. Beyond the field of supramolecular chemistry, this proof of concept should stimulate the on-demand production of highly structured polyfunctional architectures.

Sustainable cloud computing for cognitive intent based networks

Intent based networks enable auto-configuration and require low latency access to cloud platforms. The use of cloud platforms incurs high operational costs. Low latency access can be realized by siting data centres close to subscribers. This paper proposes aquaria data centers with low operating costs and latency. In LTE, cloud platforms are normally accessed via the packet network gateway reachable via the serving gateway and mobility management entity. Aquaria data centers are sited close to LTE subscribers and accessed via the mobility management entity. This reduces the size of control packets in the LTE network. Simulations show that the proposed architecture reduces the size of control packets by up to 49.7% and 99.3% when header packets are uncompressed and compressed respectively. The delay associated with receiving configuration information is reduced by 50% on average. The channelcapacity is enhanced by up to 22.8% on average. Keywords: Data centers, LTE-Advanced, Peak Age of Information, Channel Capacity, Header (Control) Packet

An Improved Mechanism for SDN Flow Space to Control Oriented Authentication NAA Network

The Open Daylight platform with its power by working with IEEE 802.1X port level authentication for wired and wireless networks has been very supportive because of the massive deployments at mean charge for main design considerations. Within the current marketplace, 802.1X has flourished the ground works for wireless, wire stability, LAN stability and authentication methods. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) supports long time protection of the supplicant and the authentication software till the end condition of the RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) server is met. This paper is focused on the RAR (RADIUS Access Request) unique identification about the users on the network with SAA (Supplicant, Authenticator and Authentication server) system which records on the attribute cost of RFC 2865 according to the forwarding server. NAA (Non-Adaptive Algorithm) using FlowVisor based virtualization packages drive inward the network timescales or statistics, dynamically controlling the flow space of switches to control the speed and results in scaling of networks. NAA is an application level protocol that contains authentication and configuration information between a Network Access Server and a shared authentication server. It avoids the attacker from listening for requests and responses from the server and calculates the improved MD5 client secret key of the response.

Optimization of Secondary Sources Configuration in Two-Dimensional Space Based on Sound Field Decomposition and Sparsity-Inducing Regularization

During the design of transducers configuration for an active noise control system, current optimization methods need to predetermine the error sensors configuration, which significantly increases the workload of later optimization of the secondary sources configuration. In this study, a new method free from specific error sensors configuration information is presented that higher order microphones are used to capture the sound field so as to formulate the cost function in wave domain. In addition, according to sparsity characteristics of the primary sound field, sparsity-inducing regularization is introduced to optimize the secondary sources configuration, including the number and positions, by calculating a sparse approximate solution to underdetermined equations. Effects of the number of candidate secondary sources are discussed, and the comparison with the uniform configuration and the optimized configuration using the genetic algorithm is performed. Results show that the proposed method can optimize the secondary sources configuration effectively independent of the error sensors configuration information. The noise reduction of the proposed method is close to that by the genetic algorithm, while other evaluation metrics for the system are much better, which would benefit the stability of active noise control system.