Development and Initial Validation of the PILCAST Questionnaire: Understanding Parents’ Intentions to Let Their Child Cycle or Walk to School

Children generally do not meet the recommendation of 60 min of daily physical activity (PA); therefore, active school transportation (AST) is an opportunity to increase PA. To promote AST, the involvement of parents seems essential. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the aim was to develop and validate the PILCAST questionnaire to understand parents’ intentions to let their child cycle or walk to school. Cross-sectional sampling was performed, where 1024 responses were collected from parents. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable fit indices for the factorial structure according to the TPB, comprising 32 items grouped in 11 latent constructs. All constructs showed satisfying reliability. The regression analysis showed that the TPB explained 55.3% of parents’ intentions to let the child cycle to school and 20.6% regarding walking, increasing by a further 18.3% and 16.6%, respectively, when past behavior was added. The most influential factors regarding cycling were facilitating perceived behavioral control, positive attitudes, subjective and descriptive norms, and for walking, subjective and descriptive norms. The PILCAST questionnaire contributes to a better understanding of the psychological antecedents involving parents’ decisions to let their child cycle or walk to school, and may therefore provide guidance when designing, implementing and evaluating interventions aiming to promote AST.

Evaluation of Walking Comfort in Children’s School Travel at Street Scale: A Case Study in Tianjin (China)

(1) Background: school travel is an important part of a child’s daily activities. A comfortable walking environment can encourage children to walk to school. The existing methods of evaluating walking environments are not specific to children’s walks to school. (2) Methods: this study proposes a method of evaluating walking comfort in children traveling to school at street scale. Related indexes were selected that reflect children’s school travel behavior and their needs in street environments based on walking environment audit tools. Factor analysis was then used to calculate the relative weight of each index. (3) Results: the new evaluation method was tested in the neighborhoods around the First Central Primary School in Hedong District, Tianjin, China. The walking comfort for children’s school travel was evaluated in eight indexes: effective street width; street flatness; street cleanliness; interface diversity; buffer; shade coverage; green looking ratio; and sound decibels. Different classes and types of streets were found to have various vulnerabilities. (4) Conclusions: this evaluation method can accurately locate the weak spots in streets to improve the local policymakers’ perception of street environments, which can greatly facilitate the implementation of precise measures to promote children walking to school.

The Effects of Pedestrian Environments on Walking Behaviors and Perception of Pedestrian Safety

We investigated the effects of pedestrian environments on parents’ walking behavior, their perception of pedestrian safety, and their willingness to let their children walk to school. This study was a simulated walking environment experiment that created six different pedestrian conditions using sidewalks, landscape buffers, and street trees. We used within subjects design where participants were exposed to all six simulated conditions. Participants were 26 parents with elementary school children. Sidewalks, buffer strips, and street trees affected parents’ decisions to: walk themselves; let their children walk to school; evaluate their perception whether the simulated environment was safe for walking. We found that the design of pedestrian environments does affect people’s perceptions of pedestrian safety and their willingness to walk. The presence of a sidewalk, buffer strip, and street trees affected parents’ decision to walk, their willingness to let their children walk to school and perceived the pedestrian environment as safer for walking. The effects of trees on parents’ walking and perception of pedestrian safety are greater when there is a wide buffer rather than a narrow buffer. It was found that parents are more cautious about their children’s walking environments and safety than their own.

Teaching Pedestrian untuk Anak Sekolah Dasar di Ruang Pedestrian Menuju ke Sekolah SD Pedalangan, Banyumanik

Walking activities are currently eroded due to the increasingly dominant use of motorized modes. The high use of motorized vehicles is often dangerous for children. Pedalangan Elementary School located in Banyumanik District is an area affected by increased activity due to the stipulation of the Tembalang District as an Education Area. The high movement or volume of traffic in the corridor is not balanced with adequate road width. It will increase the risk of accidents for elementary school students. The purpose of this study is to provide education to students of Pedalangan Elementary School about the ethics of walking on pedestrian paths, crossing roads and manners in open spaces (parks) which are expected to influence the improvement of students' habits to walk to school or public spaces. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection methods in the form of observation. The results of this study are students' understanding of the ethics of walking on pedestrian paths, crossing and manners in the park increased after education about road safety.

Factors Influencing Active Travel Mode to School for Primary School Children

Walking is a healthy way for children to explore their environment. However, nowadays, children prefer a passive mode of transport to commute to school. This paper aims to identify the factors that influence children to walk to school and evaluates the safety level of the children. This study, therefore, investigates children's preference to understand their perceptions on the choice to walk to school involving 100 primary school children in the Shah Alam City, Malaysia, through a case study method. Results indicated that distance to school, quality of the pedestrian facility and surrounding environment in a facility area affect the decision of children to walk to school.Keywords: Active Travel Mode; Walking; Primary School ChildreneISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2089

KAMPANYE WALK TO SCHOOL DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KOTA BANDUNG

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi dariKampanye Walk To School yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Perhubungan Kota Bandung. Metode yangdigunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan daya yang digunakan adalahmelalui wawancara mendalam semi terstruktur, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Teknik penentuankey informant menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan tigatahap yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik validitas datamenggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa Dishub Kota Bandungtidak melakukan riset formatif pada tahap perencanaan kampanye, pelaksanaan kampanye sudahsesuai dengan apa yang sudah direncanakan, evaluasi menunjukkan adanya pengurangan tingkatkemacetan di Jalan Merdeka, namun Dishub Kota Bandung tidak mengetahui bagaimanapengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku khalayak sasaran setelah selesai kegiatan kampanye. Melaluipenelitian ini, peneliti menyarankan agar Dishub Kota Bandung melakukan riset formatif padatahap perenncanaan kampanyenya, sehingga dapat diketahui bagaimana tingkat pengetahuan,sikap, dan perilaku khalayak yang disasar. Memperpanjang masa kampanye, atau menambahintensitas kegiatan dalam sepekan. Pada pelaksanaan, sebaiknya melaksanakan sosialisasi disekolah dilakukan beberapa kali untuk pemerataan informasi pada orang tua murid. Sertamelakukan kerja sama dengan media massa. Pada tahap evaluasi sebaiknya Dishub KotaBandung melakukan kembali pengukuran kepada khalayak, apakah ada perubahan pengetahuan,sikap, dan perilaku setelah dilaksanakan kampanye.

KAMPANYE WALK TO SCHOOL DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KOTA BANDUNG

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi dariKampanye Walk To School yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Perhubungan Kota Bandung. Metode yangdigunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan daya yang digunakan adalahmelalui wawancara mendalam semi terstruktur, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Teknik penentuankey informant menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan tigatahap yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik validitas datamenggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa Dishub Kota Bandungtidak melakukan riset formatif pada tahap perencanaan kampanye, pelaksanaan kampanye sudahsesuai dengan apa yang sudah direncanakan, evaluasi menunjukkan adanya pengurangan tingkatkemacetan di Jalan Merdeka, namun Dishub Kota Bandung tidak mengetahui bagaimanapengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku khalayak sasaran setelah selesai kegiatan kampanye. Melaluipenelitian ini, peneliti menyarankan agar Dishub Kota Bandung melakukan riset formatif padatahap perenncanaan kampanyenya, sehingga dapat diketahui bagaimana tingkat pengetahuan,sikap, dan perilaku khalayak yang disasar. Memperpanjang masa kampanye, atau menambahintensitas kegiatan dalam sepekan. Pada pelaksanaan, sebaiknya melaksanakan sosialisasi disekolah dilakukan beberapa kali untuk pemerataan informasi pada orang tua murid. Sertamelakukan kerja sama dengan media massa. Pada tahap evaluasi sebaiknya Dishub KotaBandung melakukan kembali pengukuran kepada khalayak, apakah ada perubahan pengetahuan,sikap, dan perilaku setelah dilaksanakan kampanye.