Cosmological constraints on entropic cosmology with matter creation

We investigate entropic force cosmological models with the possibility of matter creation and energy exchange between the bulk and the horizon of a homogeneous and isotropic flat Universe. We consider three different kinds of entropy, Bekenstein’s, the non-extensive Tsallis–Cirto’s, and the quartic entropy, plus some phenomenological functional forms for matter creation rate to model different entropic force models and put the observational constraints on them. We show that while most of them are indistinguishable from a standard $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM scenario, the Bekenstein entropic force model with a matter creation rate proportional to the Hubble parameter is statistically highly favored over $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM. As a general result, we also find that both the Hawking temperature parameter $$\gamma $$ γ , which relates the energy exchange between the bulk and the boundary of the Universe, and the matter creation rate $$\Gamma (t)$$ Γ ( t ) , must be very small to reproduce observational data.

STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS AND PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UZBEKISTAN

The article presents scientific conclusions and recommendations for assessing the state of development of small business and private entrepreneurship and the factors affecting it, socio-economic aspects of the development of the industry and structural changes. KEYWORDS: small business, entrepreneurship, statistical analysis, creation rate, liquidation rate, net creation rate, export potential, statistical methods, statistical evaluation.

Envisioning IoT applications in a smart city to underpin an effective municipal strategy: The smartbin project

Due to the Earth’s population rapid growth and the modern lifestyle, the urban waste creation rate constantly increases.Organic waste, which forms a significant part of municipal solid waste, has caused increasing environmental concerns. Recycling is the only way to make a sustainable environment. According to estimations from the United States Environmental Protection Agency, around 24 percent of the total waste can be composted. Instead, most of it is land filled and incinerated. By composting organic waste,we can preserve resources and produce a valuable by-product that can be used as a locally produced fertilizer. In this paper, we propose a solution: a low-cost and effective Smart Compost Bin that utilizes modern technologies, such as environmental sensors and the LoRaWAN protocol to assist with the compost process.A centralized Information System collects measurements from smart bins that can be deployed anywhere and can further assist with the waste collection process. We have performed several experiments with our smart bin prototype, evaluated its efficiency and concluded that it is a feasible solution.

The evolution of the gas fraction of quiescent galaxies modeled as a consequence of their creation rate

We discuss the evolution of the interstellar medium of quiescent galaxies, currently emerging from recent analyses, with the help of a simple model based on well-established empirical relations such as the stellar mass functions and the main sequence of star formation. This model is meant to describe observed quantities without making specific assumptions on the nature of quenching processes, but relying on their observable consequences. We find that the high gas fractions seen or suggested at high redshift in quiescent galaxies, and their apparent mild evolution at early times, can be mostly attributed to a progenitor effect where recently quenched galaxies with ∼10% gas fractions dominate the quiescent galaxy population until z ∼ 1. In the same context, the much lower gas and dust fractions measured in local early-type galaxies are interpreted as the product of the steady depletion of their interstellar medium on a ∼2 Gyr timescale, coupled with a higher fraction of more gas-exhaustive events.

Particle Creation and Thermal Aspects of Viscous Generalized Cosmic Chaplygin Gas

We investigate the particle creation, as well as the thermodynamics phenomenon of viscous generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas as a cosmic fluid by assuming the flat FRW universe. For this purpose, we extract various parameters such as the energy density ( ρ ) , Hubble parameter ( H ) , declaration parameter ( q ) , temperature ( T f ) , and particle number density ( n ) in the presence of three different models of the particle creation rate ( Γ ). We discuss the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics and thermal equilibrium condition under three models of Γ and discuss the graphical behavior of above-mentioned terms.

Monopoly capital and entrepreneurship: whither small business?

There has been a growing body of literature over the last several years on a possible decline in US entrepreneurship and the reasons for it. US small business formation and the jobs created by small businesses are supposed to be key elements in US economic growth. Many claim that without growth in small businesses and the jobs they provide that the US economy will either not grow at all or only very slowly. Therefore, small business is a key to understanding capitalism in the twenty-first century since under monopoly capital, there is claimed to be a tendency towards economic concentration (at the expense of small business) and towards economic stagnation. Some of the general causes mentioned for less US entrepreneurism include high levels of debt among the US populace and the increasing challenges that small businesses face against larger ones. Another concern is the amount of increasing business regulation and government presence in the US economy with which small businesses struggle more than larger ones. If entrepreneurism requires risk taking, then high levels of household debt and large, well-financed potential competitors may be hindering prospective entrepreneurs. This exploratory paper finds that these factors are highly correlated with the slowdown in the entry rates of new firms into the US economy since the late 1970s as well as with a slowdown in the job creation rate of these firms.