Indústria extrativista e mobilidade do capital e do trabalho na Amazônia Legal maranhense

Discute-se neste artigo a dinâmica recente de mobilidade do capital e do trabalho na Amazônia Legal maranhense mediante a implantação da Suzano Papel e Celulose em Imperatriz. Considera-se dois grandes grupos para a mobilidade do trabalho: o migrante laboral temporário, pouco qualificado e destinado a atuar na construção da fábrica, e o migrante permanente, com maior nível de formação, destinado a atuar no funcionamento da fábrica. Foram produzidos mapas e gráficos conceituais, comparando os períodos anterior e posterior à implantação fabril, com dados coletados na Relação Anual de Informações Sociais do MTE (2018) e no Programa de Disseminação das Estatísticas do Trabalho do MTE (2018), ambos vinculados ao Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Os resultados sugerem que, como outrora, os grandes projetos extrativistas fincados no Maranhão tendem a atrair migrantes em busca de emprego e renda, contribuindo para que essa seja uma das características da formação socioeconômica do estado.Palavras-chave: Fluxos migratórios, mobilidade do capital, Amazônia Legal, Maranhão.Abstract This article discusses the recent dynamics of capital and labour mobility in the Legal Amazon of Maranhão through the implementation of Suzano Papel e Celulose in Imperatriz. Two large groups are considered for labour mobility: the temporary, low-skilled labour migrant and the permanent migrant, with a higher level of training, to work in the factory. Based on data collected in MTE's Annual Social Information Report (2018) and MTE's Labor Statistics Dissemination Program (2018), both maps were linked to the Ministry of Labor Statistics of Labor and Employment. The results suggest that, as in the past, the large extractive projects in Maranhão tend to attract migrants in search of jobs and income, contributing to this being one of the characteristics of the socioeconomic formation of the state.Keywords: Migration flows, Capital mobility, Legal Amazon, Maranhão.

Becoming a ‘Labour Migrant’: Immigration Regulations as a Frame of Reference for Migrant Employment

This article addresses the role of immigration regulations as a frame of reference for migrant employment before obtaining permanent residency status. Drawing on interviews with non-EU migrants and service sector employers in the Helsinki area, the article examines how immigration regulations inform migrant employment and contribute to the hierarchisation of labour markets. The analysis focuses on the legal significance of employment for migrants during the immigration process, which is related to the financial requirements for residence permits and manifested in the work permit process in particular. Immigration regulations increase migrants’ dependency on paid employment, consequently decreasing their bargaining power in the labour market. The findings demonstrate the changing dynamics of the supply and demand of labour in the low-paid service sector, where employers prefer to recruit migrants in temporary legal positions over local workers and ‘labour migrants’, resulting in what the author calls the juridical division of labour.

Marx and Feminism

This contribution focuses on aspects of feminism and gender in Marx’s theory. Marx’s methodology has given us the tools and the categories enabling us to think together gender and class, feminism and anti-capitalism. However, his contribution is an indirect one because Marx never developed a theory of gender. It is important to include the role of reproductive labour, slave labour, migrant labour, labour in the Global South and the unemployed in the critical analysis of capitalism and its division of labour. Reproductive labour is the largest activity on this planet and a major ground of divisions within the working class. A different Marx was discovered in the 1970s by feminists who turned to his work searching for a theory capable of explaining the roots of women’s oppression from a class viewpoint. The result has been a theoretical revolution that has changed both Marxism and Feminism. What was redefined by the realisation of the centrality of women’s unpaid labour in the home to the production of the work-force was not domestic work alone but the nature of capitalism itself and the struggle against it. This meant to turn Marx upside down to make his work important for feminism.