Tensor Hierarchy Algebra Extensions of Over-Extended Kac–Moody Algebras

Tensor hierarchy algebras are infinite-dimensional generalisations of Cartan-type Lie superalgebras. They are not contragredient, exhibiting an asymmetry between positive and negative levels. These superalgebras have been a focus of attention due to the fundamental rôle they play for extended geometry. In the present paper, we examine tensor hierarchy algebras which are super-extensions of over-extended (often, hyperbolic) Kac–Moody algebras. They contain novel algebraic structures. Of particular interest is the extension of a over-extended algebra by its fundamental module, an extension that contains and generalises the extension of an affine Kac–Moody algebra by a Virasoro derivation $$L_1$$ L 1 . A conjecture about the complete superalgebra is formulated, relating it to the corresponding Borcherds superalgebra.

Postgraduate level analog microelectronics course based on cadence IC software and AMS 0.35 µm technology

An analog microelectronics design course at the post-graduate level is described in this paper. In 30 h, students with different engineering background receive a basic but solid formation by implementing a complete microelectronics design flow, following current industry standards. The course deals with fundamental design blocks as well as specific computer aided design tools. This course can be taught, as it is, as a fundamental module in general electronics/communications masters, but it can be also tuned to match specific curriculum constraints, if required. It has been successfully taught for two years, with minor adjustments, within the Telecommunications Engineering Master, at the University of Valencia, Spain. The assessments from the students highlight the acceptance of the course.

REJUVENATING HUMAN CAPITAL IN SYARIAH LEGAL INSTITUTIONS THROUGH FIQH FORENSICS FUNDAMENTAL MODULE: A PRELIMINARY REVIEW

The development of science and technology today has contributed to the advancement of evidence law in the Civil Courts as well as Syariah Courts. The said application of science and technology refers to the scientific evidence produced from the results of analysis done by the expertise in forensic science. Numbers of reported Syariah cases has applied forensic science analysis and test to produce scientific evidence. These cases have portrayed the admission of scientific evidence in Syariah Courts and indicate the readiness of human capital in the Syariah Legal Institutions to apply the scientific evidence. Therefore, this study carry three purposes, to examine the main issues in handling the scientific evidence, to provide suggestion to rejuvenate human capital in Syariah Legal Institutions, and to suggest solution for the issues pointed out throughout the discussion. The result of this study elucidates two main issues that play integral part in handling the scientific evidence, which are the lack of knowledge and adequate experience. In order to overcome these particular issues, rejuvenation on the existing human capital in Syariah Legal Institutions must be done. This study focused on the rejuvenation in the aspect of knowledge and skills of human capital. The said module should contain two mains aspect, theoretical and practical aspect of forensic science. The target of this module is to serve the Syariah officers in the Syariah Legal Institutions as comprehensive guideline and instruction to lead the fundamentals of the forensic science in Syariah Courts into an appropriate platform. In conclusion, this study suggests the development of Fiqh Forensics Fundamental Module to curb the issues of lack of sufficient knowledge and adequate skills in handling scientific evidence.

Tinjauan Awal Terhadap Modul Teras Fiqh Forensik Bagi Kegunaan Pegawai-Pegawai Syariah Di Malaysia (A Preliminary Review on Fiqh Forensics Fundamental Module for the Use of Shariah Officers in Malaysia)

The advancement in the field of forensic science highly affects the legal and enforcement field. As for the Shariah law, Syariah officers in Malaysia face challenges in controlling scientific-based exhibits and evidence. This has been seen as a result of lack of exposure, knowledge and comprehensive training in evidencing procedures using scientific-based qarinah. This preliminary study discusses the proposal to establish fiqh forensics fundamental module for the use of Syariah officers in Islamic legal institutions in Malaysia. This qualitative study applied inductive and deductive approaches in obtaining general and specific conclusion from primary and secondary sources. The findings show that there is a need to propose for the development of a specific module to empower human capital which includes enforcement, shariah prosecutors, judges and registrars within the integration framework of forensic science integration and fiqh based on the concept of 'fiqh forensics'. As such, this study addresses the proposed development of the fiqh forensics fundamental module for the use of shariah legislation.

A novel single-phase PWM asymmetrical multilevel inverter with number of semiconductor switches reduction

In this paper, a new asymmetrical multilevel inverter topology (MLI) is proposed with the objectives of using decreased number of semiconductor switches, dc voltage sources, gate driver circuits and dc links. The structure of presented MLI is very simple and modular. The fundamental module of this structure consists of nine semiconductor switches (eight unidirectional and one bidirectional) and four asymmetrical configured DC sources (ratio of 1:2), which can generate 13-level output voltage. To validate the design, a Matlab-Simulink based model is developed. For this paper, a Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) is deployed as the switching strategy of the proposed MLI. The circuit model is simulated under pure resistive and inductive loads. It will be shown that the circuit performs well under both loads. Comparison with traditional MLIs and other recently introduced MLIs will be conducted to show the superiority of the proposed MLI in terms of reduced number of devices and lower voltage stress across the switches.

Cellular systems for epithelial invagination

Epithelial invagination is a fundamental module of morphogenesis that iteratively occurs to generate the architecture of many parts of a developing organism. By changing the physical properties such as the shape and/or position of a population of cells, invagination drives processes ranging from reconfiguring the entire body axis during gastrulation, to forming the primordia of the eyes, ears and multiple ducts and glands, during organogenesis. The epithelial bending required for invagination is achieved through a variety of mechanisms involving systems of cells. Here we provide an overview of the different mechanisms, some of which can work in combination, and outline the circumstances in which they apply. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Systems morphodynamics: understanding the development of tissue hardware’.