Some new soliton solutions of time fractional resonant Davey-Stewartson equations

In this study, via the Bernoulli sub-equation, the analytical traveling wave solution of the (2+1)-dimensional resonant Davey-Stewartson system is investigated. In the beginning, Based on the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative, the time-fractional imaginary (2+1)-dimensional resonant Davey-Stewatson equation by using travelling wave is changed into a nonlinear differential system. The homogeneous balance method between the highest power terms and the highest derivative of the ordinary differential equation is authorized on the resultant outcome equation, and finally, the ordinary differential equations are solved to obtain some new exact solutions. Different cases, as well as different values of physical constants to investigate the optical soliton solutions of the resulting system, are used. The outcomes results of this study are shown in 3D dimensions graphically via Wolfram Mathematica Package.

Travelling Wave Solutions for Fisher’s Equation Using the Extended Homogeneous Balance Method

In this work, the extended homogeneous balance method is used to derive exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. With the aid of symbolic computation, many new exact travelling wave solutions have been obtained for Fisher’s equation and Burgers-Fisher equation. Fisher’s equation has been widely used in studying the population for various systems, especially in biology, while Burgers-Fisher equation has many physical applications such as in gas dynamics and fluid mechanics. The method used can be applied to obtain multiple travelling wave solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations.

Union Freedoms in the Armed Forces: Still a Taboo?

This article addresses unionisation in the armed forces, an issue which has recently attracted the attention of the courts, most prominently in Europe. First, the article focuses on the organisational profiles of military structure, discussing the relationships between the exercise of union freedoms and the necessity of preserving the chain of command, the readiness of troops and their political neutrality. It concludes that some recent evolutions in military organisation have contributed to the pressure to unionise the military. Therefore, this article focuses on the legal perspective to clarify the role of international law in this issue. To this end, international treaties and courts’ or authoritative bodies’ interpretations of them are collected, analysed and compared. The article then confirms that several arguments developed in the European judicial context can be reasonably applied outside Europe, in accordance with similar or identical clauses enshrined in all international treaties addressing the issue of military unionisation. International law thus leaves room for interpretations whereby restrictions on military unionisation should not go so far as to ban union freedoms altogether. Finally, this article considers the risks inherent in military unionisation and suggests possible approaches that will facilitate a homogeneous balance between union rights and the general interests at stake.

Simple Equations Method (SEsM): Algorithm, Connection with Hirota Method, Inverse Scattering Transform Method, and Several Other Methods

The goal of this article is to discuss the Simple Equations Method (SEsM) for obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations and to show that several well-known methods for obtaining exact solutions of such equations are connected to SEsM. In more detail, we show that the Hirota method is connected to a particular case of SEsM for a specific form of the function from Step 2 of SEsM and for simple equations of the kinds of differential equations for exponential functions. We illustrate this particular case of SEsM by obtaining the three- soliton solution of the Korteweg-de Vries equation, two-soliton solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and the soliton solution of the Ishimori equation for the spin dynamics of ferromagnetic materials. Then we show that a particular case of SEsM can be used in order to reproduce the methodology of the inverse scattering transform method for the case of the Burgers equation and Korteweg-de Vries equation. This particular case is connected to use of a specific case of Step 2 of SEsM. This step is connected to: (i) representation of the solution of the solved nonlinear partial differential equation as expansion as power series containing powers of a “small” parameter ϵ; (ii) solving the differential equations arising from this representation by means of Fourier series, and (iii) transition from the obtained solution for small values of ϵ to solution for arbitrary finite values of ϵ. Finally, we show that the much-used homogeneous balance method, extended homogeneous balance method, auxiliary equation method, Jacobi elliptic function expansion method, F-expansion method, modified simple equation method, trial function method and first integral method are connected to particular cases of SEsM.

Analytical Solution of the Complex Polymer Equation Systems via the Homogeneous Balance Method

In this article, we solve analytically the nonlinear Doubly Dispersive Equation (DDE) in (1+1)-D by the homogeneous balance method, introduced to investigate the strain waves propagating in a cylindrical rod in complex polymer systems. The linear dispersion relation plays important role in connecting the frequency of the emitted nonlinear waves with the wave number of the ablating laser beam affecting the polymers with their characteristic parameters. In accordance with the normal dispersion conditions, the resulting solitary wave solutions show the compression characters in the nonlinearly elastic materials namely Polystyrene (PS) and PolyMethylMethAcrylate (PMMA). The ratio between the estimated potential and kinetic energies shows good agreement with the physical situation, and as well in making comparisons with the bell-shaped model conducted in the literature.

Analytical Wave Solutions for Foam and KdV-Burgers Equations Using Extended Homogeneous Balance Method

In this paper, extended homogeneous balance method is presented with the aid of computer algebraic system Mathematica for deriving new exact traveling wave solutions for the foam drainage equation and the Kowerteg-de Vries–Burgers equation which have many applications in industrial applications and plasma physics. The method is effective to construct a series of analytical solutions including many types like periodical, rational, singular, shock, and soliton wave solutions for a wide class of nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics and engineering sciences.