Clinical and Prognostic Value of Vascular Wall Elasticity in Pregnant Women with Arterial Hypertension: A Review

In recent years, the attention of many researchers around the world has been focused on studying the risks associated with the development of the pathological course of pregnancy in women with arterial hypertension (AH). The pathogenesis of gestational complications is complex and is largely associated with endothelial dysfunction, changes in the structure and properties of the vascular wall and a decrease in its elasticity. At the same time, at the present stage, a high prognostic value of the assessment of vascular elasticity in the development of cardiovascular disasters in patients with hypertension in the general population has been proved. In order to predict the risk of gestational complications early, it is promising to study the state of elasticity of the vascular wall, which will optimize the management of pregnancy and improve perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with hypertension. The literature search was carried out by keywords using the Scopus, Web of Science, Cyber Leninka, RSCI (Russian Science Citation Index) systems.

Ultrasonic evaluation of carotid artery elasticity in People Living with HIV

Objective To evaluate the quantitative parameters of carotid elasticity in healthy people and People Living With HIV(PLWH) by ultrasonic vascular elasticity quantitative technique, and to explore the feasibility of this technique in non-invasive evaluation of preclinical arterial elasticity in patients with PLWH atherosclerosis. Methods Subjects with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) < 1.5mm were divided into three groups: healthy control group (n = 60), HIV baseline group (n = 291) and HAART group (n = 67) with HIV infection who had received highly active antiretroviral therapy ((HAART) for more than 5 years. Quantitative analysis of ultrasonic vascular elasticity was performed in all subjects, and the software automatically quantified carotid artery IMT, artery internal diameter, motion amplitude, vascular hardness coefficient and carotid artery pulse wave velocity,( caPWV), and thean to compare the ultrasonic parameters and blood lipids of each group. In HAART group, the correlation between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measured by traditional pressure wave method and caPWV was analyzed. Results Total Cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in HAART group were higher than those in baseline group (P < 0.017). Hardness coefficient and caPWV of bilateral carotid arteries in HAART group were higher than those in baseline group (P < 0.017), but the movement amplitude was lower than that in baseline group. In the healthy group, there was no significant difference between the left and right carotid arteries (P > 0.05). In HAART group, baPWV was linearly correlated with caPWV, with the left side correlation coefficient of 0.60 and the right side correlation coefficient of 0.57. Conclusion There is a decrease in preclinical elasticity of carotid artery in patients with PLWH who take antiviral therapy for a long time, and ultrasound vascular elasticity quantitative technique is helpful to identify this change.

A Unified Calibration Paradigm for a Better Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation with Modes of Elastic Tube and Vascular Elasticity

Although two modes of elastic tube (ET) and vascular elasticity (VE) have been well explored for cuffless continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring estimation, the initial calibration with these two models could be derived from different mathematical mechanisms for BP estimation. The study is aimed at evaluating the performance of VE and ET models by means of an advanced point-to-point (aPTP) pairing calibration. The cuff BPs were only taken up while the signals of PPG and ECG were synchronously acquired from individual subjects. Two popular VE models together with one representative ET model were designated to study aPTP as a unified assessment criterion. The VE model has demonstrated the stronger correlation r of 0.89 and 0.86 of SBP and DBP, respectively, and the lower estimated BP error of − 0.01 ± 5.90 (4.55) mmHg and 0.04 ± 4.40 (3.38) mmHg of SBP and DBP, respectively, than the ET model. With the ET model, there is a significant difference between the methods of conventional least-square (LS) calibration and aPTP calibration ( p < 0.05 ). These results showed that the VE model surpasses the ET model under the same uniform calibration. The outcome has been unveiled that the selection of initial calibration methods was vital to work out diastolic BP with the ET model. The study revealed an evident fact about initial sensitivity between the modes of different BP estimation and initial calibration.

Effect of Infrared Irradiation Combined with External Application Nursing on Maintenance of Vascular Access in Hemodialysis Patients

Objective: This paper mainly analyzes the effect of infrared radiation combined with external application nursing on maintenance of vascular access in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A total of 150 hemodialysis patients in our hospital from December 2019 to September 2020 were divided into the conventional group and the study group, 75 cases in each group. The conventional group was given external application nursing alone, and the study group was given infrared radiation combined with external application nursing, and the effect on the maintenance of vascular access was counted. Results: After the intervention, the indexes of URR, kt / V and human albumin in the study group were higher than those in the routine group, and the indexes of ?2-mg and MIS in the study group were lower than those in the routine group, P < 0.05;The improvement of vascular elasticity and quality of life in the study group was higher than that in the conventional group, and the incidence of complications was lower than that in the conventional group, P < 0.05. Conclusion: Infrared radiation combined with external application of nursing care in hemodialysis patients with vascular access maintenance effect is significant, can effectively improve vascular elasticity.