Unemployment and the rate of psychoactive-substance-related psychiatric hospital admission in regional Queensland: An observational, longitudinal study

Objectives: To examine the relationship between a regional economic downturn (indicated by the rise of population unemployment rate) and the rate of psychoactive-substance-induced psychiatric hospital admissions in the population in a rural/regional setting. Methods: Hospital admission records from January 2013 to December 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients with admissions to the Mackay inpatient psychiatric unit with diagnosis of mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use were recorded using (ICD-10) F10-F19 codes. The relationship between the regional unemployment rate and the hospital admission rate was analysed using linear regression analysis. Results: A statistically significant regression was found (F(1,46) = 39.46, p < 0.0001), R2 = 0.46). The predicted number of admissions per 100,000 population in a month was observed to increase on average by 3.13 per month (95% CI = 2.12–4.13, p < 0.0001) for each percentage increase in the regional unemployment rate. Conclusions: There was a statistically significant association between the population unemployment rate and the rate of substance induced psychiatric hospital admissions. Implications for regional Australian service provision and unmet needs were discussed. Further research is required to confirm this observation.

Analysis of the state and trends of unemployment and ways to overcome it in Ukraine

This article focuses on determining causes and factors, which shape the unemployment rate in Ukraine, and the statistical analysis of the regional section. Each state has its own peculiarities of the formation of the labor market, which are caused by resource, geographical, economic-political and other conditions. Under the influence of these features, certain trends are formed, which are traced in the period. According to the results, the dynamics of the regional unemployment rate is proved to be heterogeneous, and such heterogeneity is caused by a number of factors. The investigations led to the conclusion that the main causes of this imbalance are structural disproportions in the national economy, the lack of a mechanism for sustainable business development and stimulation of creating new working places. It is determined that the dynamics of the number of additional jobs in individual regions is positive, but the total number of additional jobs is decreasing each year, and the forecast line shows that, unfortunately, there will be a reduction in the number of new working places in Ukraine in the coming years. Following the results of the analysis, the main directions of improving the regulation of unemployment in Ukraine by extending the state’s activities on increasing and stimulating production are proposed. It is also proved that unemployment rate reduction will be achieved through a series of measures, including optimizing the labour market regulation mechanism by improving the quality of the workforce, which means increasing the level of general education and advanced training, obtaining the skills required. The mechanism encouraging investment and development of entrepreneurial activity plays an important role in the system of employment regulation measures which will generate new and additional employment opportunities.

The Influence of Regional Social Inequality and Labour Market Characteristics on Health

The influence of contextual factors on individual health status has been demonstrated by a number of studies even when controlling for the individual socio-economic situation (and other relevant factors). The article examines whether and to what extent variables of the place of residence have an effect on individual health status. We do not only refer to income levels and inequality, but also to effects of the educational level and inequality and the regional unemployment rate. As data basis for the individual level, we use the 2006 wave of the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) and add regional information on the aggregate level based on the regional units (Raumordnungsregionen) of the Microcensus of 2005. These data will be analysed using multilevel models. The results reveal that regional educational inequality intensifies the individual educational effect, whereby members of less-educated groups in educationally disparate regions exhibit particularly low health chances. In addition, a high regional unemployment rate intensifies the negative effect of individual unemployment on men’s health.

Development of regional unemployment characteristics in the Czech Republic

The paper deals with statistical analysis of the registered regional unemployment rate in regions and districts of the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2002. Regional unemployment reaches significantly different levels; moreover, within the examined period, differences were increasing: variance between the minimum and the maximum increased approx. from 12% to 20% in the respective districts. By means of cluster analysis, regions are divided into more homogenous groups according to the registered unemployment rate by 31 December 2002. The following districts may be identified as the best ones: Praha-z&aacute;pad (Prague-West), Praha-v&yacute;chod (Prague-East), Praha (Prague) and Bene&scaron;ov; the following as the worst ones: Most and Karvin&aacute;. Concerning regions, the lowest unemployment level may be identified in Praha (Prague); on the contrary, the highest levels were reached in &Uacute;steck&yacute; region and Moravskoslezsk&yacute; region. Variability, skewness and peak characteristics were calculated to evaluate the development of regional unemployment distribution. The average rose from 5.63% to 9.94%, the standard deviation rose from 2.53% to 4.15%, the variation coefficient stayed around 0.4. Thus, together with the increase in unemployment level, the absolute variability rose while the relative variability stayed approx. constant. The rate distribution was left-sided and increasing; the peak was only slightly higher than the standard peak. The development trend of the characteristics was evaluated by means of linear functions and higher order polynomials; their seasonal variation is described by seasonal indices differing in the degree of their seasonality and distribution in the course of a&nbsp;year. A&nbsp;correlation matrix demonstrates the relations between the trend of the characteristics and their seasonal indices.

Welke factoren bepalen de aansluiting van onderwijs en beroep?

What factors determine the adequacy between education and occupation? A study among Flemish graduates from higher education What factors determine the adequacy between education and occupation? A study among Flemish graduates from higher education The literature on mismatch considers the so-called ‘overeducated’ mostly as a homogeneous category and does not consider the match between subject and job content. In this article we distinguish between the overeducated with a horizontal match and those without a horizontal match. Our starting hypothesis is that being overeducated without realizing a horizontal match is especially problematic. Our results, based on data for higher education graduates in Flanders, are consistent with this. We find that the negative effect of being overeducated is stronger for youngsters without a horizontal match. We also find that both types of overeducation are connected to different mechanisms. The regional unemployment rate, for instance, mainly explains overeducation with horizontal match. Both types of overeducation, even if not in the same way, are also influenced by the quality of human capital as well as the subject of study.

Is there a buffering effect of flexibility for job attitudes and work-related strain under conditions of high job insecurity and regional unemployment rate?

This article explores the relationships of job insecurity and regional unemployment rate with job attitudes and work-related strain. The authors considered the personality attribute flexibility as a potential moderator. Their results revealed job insecurity to be negatively associated with job involvement and career satisfaction and positively with readiness to make concessions and strain. Moreover, with an increasing level of subjective (qualitative) job insecurity, individuals low in flexibility reported lower career satisfaction. In contrast, where objective job insecurity (unemployment rate) was high, these low flexibility participants showed higher career satisfaction. They were also more ready to make concessions and more involved with their job than those high in flexibility. Finally, the study found the proposed buffering effect, as those high in flexibility experienced less health impairment when perceived (quantitative) job insecurity and regional unemployment rate were high. Strategies of coping with uncertainty as well as options regarding strengthening flexibility are discussed.