Impact of Perceived Stress and Immune Status on Decision-Making Abilities during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

The ability to make risky decisions in stressful contexts has been largely investigated in experimental settings. We examined this ability during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic, when in Italy people were exposed to a prolonged stress condition, mainly caused by a rigid lockdown. Participants among the general population completed two cognitive tasks, an Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), which measures individual risk/reward decision-making tendencies, and a Go/No-Go task (GNG), to test impulsivity, together with two questionnaires, the Perceived Stress Scale and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales. The Immune Status Questionnaire was additionally administered to explore the impact of the individual health status on decision making. The effect of the questionnaires scores on task performance was examined. The results showed that higher levels of perceived stress and a more self-reported vulnerable immune status were associated, separately, with less risky/more advantageous choices in the IGT in young male participants but with more risky/less advantageous choices in older male participants. These effects were not found in female participants. Impulsivity errors in the GNG were associated with more anxiety symptoms. These findings bring attention to the necessity of taking into account decision-making processes during stressful conditions, especially in the older and more physically vulnerable male population.

The von Willebrand factor stamps plasmatic extracellular vesicles from glioblastoma patients

Glioblastoma is a devastating tumor of the central nervous system characterized by a poor survival and an extremely dark prognosis, making its diagnosis, treatment and monitoring highly challenging. Numerous studies have highlighted extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key players of tumor growth, invasiveness and resistance, as they carry and disseminate oncogenic material in the local tumor microenvironment and at distance. However, whether their quality and quantity reflect individual health status and changes in homeostasis is still not fully elucidated. Here, we separated EVs from plasma collected at different time points alongside with the clinical management of GBM patients. Our findings confirm that plasmatic EVs could be separated and characterized with standardized protocols, thereby ensuring the reliability of measuring vesiclemia, i.e. extracellular vesicle concentration in plasma. This unveils that vesiclemia is a dynamic parameter, which could be reflecting tumor burden and/or response to treatments. Further label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry unmasks the von Willebrand Factor (VWF) as a selective protein hallmark for GBM-patient EVs. Our data thus support the notion that EVs from GBM patients showed differential protein cargos that can be further surveyed in circulating EVs, together with vesiclemia.

PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN REHABILITASI MEDIK PASCA COVID 19

Sequelae symptoms after the Covid-19 attack are very possible to occur to anyone, both young and old people. Survivors of Covid-19 were identified as having complications or comorbidities, so a strategy was needed in accordance with the morbidity and complaints encountered after Covid 19 infection. The purpose of the strategy was to help restore complaints and abnormalities that occurred, so that Covid survivors had a good quality of life and minimized complications due to Covid-19. Post-discharge rehabilitation and monitoring is necessary to maintain the patient's quality of life. Medical rehabilitation is a key strategy to reduce the impact of Covid-19 on health and impaired function in patients. The target of this activity is to increase public knowledge related the role of post-Covid 19 medical rehabilitation. The purpose of this activity is to improve individual health status after Covid 19 infection and to educate healthy lifestyles so that they can be applied in daily life.This educational activity is carried out via online, the initial activity begins with planning, making educational materials related to post-Covid-19 infection and medical rehabilitation in long covid-19, initial questionnaires related to medical rehabilitation in long Covid are distributed via Google forms containing questions about medical and long-term rehabilitation. Covid-19. The activity was carried out on 10-12 October 2021. The results of the questionnaire can be seen that there is still a lack of knowledge of medical rehabilitation, and there is no need for long covid-19 to be given medical rehabilitation, and there are still participants who are not sure about medical rehabilitation for long Covid-19 treatment. Materials and movements related to medical rehabilitation are also made in PKM activities. Participants are expected to be able to apply materials related to medical rehabilitation after Covid 19 infection in their daily lives so as to improve health quality and maintain productivity. Gejala sisa pasca serangan Covid-19 sangat memungkinkan terjadi pada siapa saja, baik orang dengan usia muda maupun usia tua. Penyintas Covid-19 diidentifikasi terjadi komplikasi atau komorbiditas, sehingga perlu dilakukan strategi sesuai dengan morbiditas dan keluhan yang ditemui pasca infeksi Covid 19. Tujuan strategi itu adalah untuk membantu memulihkan keluhan dan kelainan yang terjadi, sehingga penyintas Covid kulilitas hidup dapat baik dan meminimalisasi komplikasi akibat Covid-19. Rehabilitasi dan monitoring pasca keluar dari rumah sakit sangat diperlukan untuk tetap menjaga kualitas hidup pasien. Rehabilitasi medik merupakan strategi kunci untuk mengurangi dampak Covid-19 pada kesehatan dan gangguan fungsi pada pasien. Target kegiatan ini adalah bertambahnya pengetahuan masyarakat terkait peran rehabilitasi medik pasca Covid 19. Tujuan kegiatan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan individu pasca infeksi Covid 19 serta mengedukasi pola hidup sehat sehingga dapat diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kegiatan edukasi ini dilakukan via daring, awal kegiatan dimulai dengan perencanaan, pembuatan materi edukasi terkait paska infeksi Covid-19 serta rehabilitasi medik dalam long covid-19, kuisioner awal terkait rehabilitasi medik pada long Covid disebarkan via Google form yang berisi pertanyaan rehabilitasi medik dan long Covid-19. Kegiatan dilaksanakan tanggal 10-12 Oktober 2021. Hasil dari kuisioner dapat dilihat masih kurangnya pengetahuan rehabilitasi medik, dan tidak perlunya long covid-19 diberikan rehabilitasi medik, serta peserta masih ada yang tidak yakin dengan rehabilitasi medik untuk tatalaksana pada long Covid-19. Materi serta gerakan terkait rehabilitasi medik juga dibuat pada kegiatan PKM. Para peserta diharapkan dapat menerapkan materi terkait rehabilitasi medik pasca infeksi Covid 19 dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sehingga meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan dan tetap produkitivitas.

Regular Daily Ablution (Wudu') Consequence on Reduction Coronavirus Infection during Pandemic in Saudi Society

Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon Him) said: “Cleanliness is half of faith”, protect from infectious disease. Coronavirus infection prevention closely related to Muslims advice as regular daily ablution (Wudu'). The aim was for Moslem individuals to follow regular daily ablution (Wudu'), its impact on health protection of individual and Saudi society from infectious diseases and Coronavirus during pandemic. That was used the "Study Competency" and the "Coupled Assessment" was utilized "Reaching Study Question Consequences", the "Moderate Excel Packet" was outcome defined. The results were for first question “Perform regular daily ablution for prayer”; was 100%. The second question ”Urges an individuals to perform regular daily ablution”; was 97%. The third question “Regular daily ablution helps to clean the body organs well”; was 92%. The fourth question “Regular daily ablution is one of the ways to sterilize with running water”; was 81%. The fifth question “Regular daily ablution is improved an individual health status”; was 80%. The sixth question “Regular daily ablution helps to reduce an individual pathogenic microorganisms infection”; was 81%. The seventh question “Regular daily ablution is one of the ways to protect an individual health from microbial diseases”; was 86%. The eighth question “Regular daily ablution helps the success of “Health Precautionary Measures” to prevent Coronavirus infection” was 82%. The ninth question “Regular daily ablution health way to reduces an individual Coronavirus infection”; was 86%. The tenth question “Regular daily ablution healthy ways to reduce and protect Saudi society from Coronavirus infection”; was 84%. It was concluded that through the results to the extent of the strength of Islam for the Saudi society and the strength of implementing the provisions of Islam for the individual and Saudi society. Regular daily ablution (Wudu') consequence had proven strengthen the health of the individual and Saudi society and reduce infectious microbial diseases. The individual from Saudi society, and when observing regular daily ablution (Wudu') and updating ablution (Wudu') reduce and protect from Coronavirus infection during pandemic. That beneficial to individual health and Saudi society health. It was recommend that the commitment to implement the Islamic steps as regular daily ablution (Wudu') reduces infectious microbial diseases, reduces and protects individuals and Saudi society from Coronavirus infection during pandemic.

The Value of a Complete Blood Count (CBC) for Sepsis Diagnosis and Prognosis

Sepsis represents an important global health burden due to its high mortality and morbidity. The rapid detection of sepsis is crucial in order to prevent adverse outcomes and reduce mortality. However, the diagnosis of sepsis is still challenging and many efforts have been made to identify reliable biomarkers. Unfortunately, many investigated biomarkers have several limitations that do not support their introduction in clinical practice, such as moderate diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, long turn-around time, and high-costs. Complete blood count represents instead a precious test that provides a wealth of information on individual health status. It can guide clinicians to early-identify patients at high risk of developing sepsis and to predict adverse outcomes. It has several advantages, being cheap, easy-to-perform, and available in all wards, from the emergency department to the intensive care unit. Noteworthy, it represents a first-level test and an alteration of its parameters must always be considered within the clinical context, and the eventual suspect of sepsis must be confirmed by more specific investigations. In this review, we describe the usefulness of basic and new complete blood count parameters as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of sepsis.

Pengaruh Faktor Demografi dan Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Status Kesehatan Individu di Indonesia

This study analyzed the impact of demography and socioeconomic status on individual health status in Indonesia. The data used Indonesia Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS 5). The study use logit regression model for analysis with health status variable as dependent variable. The other variable such as demography and socioeconomic status as independent variables. Socioeconomic status seen from two measures, namely education and income. The result of this study concludes the demography influence significantly on individual health status in Indonesia. Individual who lives in urban area has higher probability of being health by 1,02 percent compared to individual who lives in rural area. The other variable like socioeconomic status also influences significantly on the individual health status in Indonesia. Individual with longer years of education has higher probability of being health by 3,07 percent compared to individual with less years of education. Individual with high income has higher probability of being health compared to individual with low income.

Influences of Public Medical Insurance System on Labor Health Status and Supply

Background: The emergence of COVID-19 in 2020 has brought dramatic impacts to the global economy. The resulting health crisis and widespread fear have triggered labor shortage problems such as high job vacancy rate and low labor participation rate. Thus, how to increase the labor supply has become a hotspot among scholars. We aimed to analyze the influences of public medical insurance system on labor health status and supply. Method: Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey five-phase panel data, the new rural cooperative medical system was taken as an example to empirically analyze the influences of public medical insurance system on the individual health status and labor supply via the panel Tobit model and panel binary Logit model. The analysis revealed the mediating effect of health status. Results: First, Public medical insurance system could significantly improve individual health status. Second, public medical insurance system will lengthen the labor supply time and elevate the labor supply rate by improving individual health status. Third, the influences of public medical insurance system on labor health status and supply vary with gender and age. Conclusion: Public medical insurance system will generate positive influences on labor health status and labor supply. Hence, perfecting the public medical insurance system is able to mitigate the negative impacts of population aging and pandemic on the labor supply.

IMPACT OF PRAKRITI ON COGNITION AND WORKING MEMORY: A REVIEW

State of body and mind depends upon individual Prakriti (type of body constitution). Medha is grasping power, for which proper functioning of memory and mind is essential. Medha includes Dhee (wisdom), Dhriti (retaining power of mind) and Smriti (memory) which are the component of higher mental function. Cognition involves different kind of information processing, recollection and overall process involved in the formation of memory. Working memory is a mental workspace for processing of both new input and retrieved memories. Dosha decide the Sharirik (bodily constitution) and Mansik Prakriti (psychological constitution) of individual. It helps to understand and describe individual health status and intelligence like characteristics. Prakriti have an effect on the working of higher mental function, every individual has its own constitution type and hence mental function works differently according to its constitution.

Density dependence can obscure nonlethal effects of disturbance on life history of medium-sized cetaceans

Nonlethal disturbance of animals can cause behavioral and physiological changes that affect individual health status and vital rates, with potential consequences at the population level. Predicting these population effects remains a major challenge in ecology and conservation. Monitoring fitness-related traits may improve detection of upcoming population changes, but the extent to which individual traits are reliable indicators of disturbance exposure is not well understood, especially for populations regulated by density dependence. Here we study how density dependence affects a population’s response to disturbance and modifies the disturbance effects on individual health and vital rates. We extend an energy budget model for a medium-sized cetacean (the long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas) to an individual-based population model in which whales feed on a self-replenishing prey base and disturbance leads to cessation of feeding. In this coupled predator-prey system, the whale population is regulated through prey depletion and the onset of yearly repeating disturbances on the whale population at carrying capacity decreased population density and increased prey availability due to reduced top-down control. In populations faced with multiple days of continuous disturbance each year, female whales that were lactating their first calf experienced increased mortality due to depletion of energy stores. However, increased prey availability led to compensatory effects and resulted in a subsequent improvement of mean female body condition, mean age at first reproduction and higher age-specific reproductive output. These results indicate that prey-mediated density dependence can mask negative effects of disturbance on fitness-related traits and vital rates, a result with implications for the monitoring and management of marine mammal populations.