Analisis Pembiayaan Kesehatan Program Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat Di Indonesia Tahun 2013 & 2014

Public Health Program Financing is largely allocated from the Health Operational Budget (BOK) which come from the State Budget (APBN) and Regional Budget (APBD). Funding originating from the APBN and APBD is prioritized for preventive and promotive services which are a maximum of 2/3 of the funding sources following the mandate of Health Law No. 36 of 2009. This study aimed to analyze UKM Program financing by reviewing each activity in 2013 and 2014. This study used data obtained from the 2015 Health Financing Research (RPK). After the data obtained, an analysis carried out by making a pivot table to determine the grouping of utilization and financing patterns of the UKM Program based on funding sources, IPKM, and utilization of budget allocations. The most significant source of financing for the UKM Program came from Local Revenues (PAD) of 57.1% in 2013 and 56.32% in 2014. The proportion of health financing based on high IPKM sourced from PAD was 56.32% in 2013 and 52, 35% in 2014. The 71 districts/cities have UKM program allocations under the mandate of Law No. 36 of 2009, and each region allocated a budget for UKM activities in the amount of 2/3 of the total budget. Increase budget allocation for UKM program, both sourced from the central and regional levels following the priority of health problems. Abstrak Pembiayaan program Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat (UKM) sebagian besar bersumber dari Biaya Operasional Kesehatan (BOK) yang berasal dari Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Negara (APBN) dan Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Daerah (APBD). Pembiayaan yang berasal dari APBN dan APBD diutamakan untuk pelayanan preventif dan promotif yang maksimal 2/3 dari sumber pendanaan tersebut sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang Kesehatan No. 36 Tahun 2009. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembiayaan program UKM dengan cara melakukaan telaah setiap kegiatan pada tahun 2013 dan 2014. Studi ini menggunakan data yang diperoleh dari Riset Pembiayaan Kesehatan (RPK) tahun 2015 secara deskriptif. Setelah data tersebut diperoleh dilakukan analisis dengan cara membuat pivot tabel untuk mengetahui pengelompokkan pemanfaatan dan pola pembiayaan program UKM berdasarkan sumber pembiayaan, IPKM, serta pemanfaatan alokasi anggaran. Sumber pembiayaan terbesar program UKM berasal dari Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) sebesar 57,1% tahun 2013 dan sebesar 56,32% tahun 2014. Proporsi pembiayan kesehatan berdasarkan IPKM tinggi yang bersumber dari PAD Sebesar 56,32% tahun 2013 dan sebesar 52,35% tahun 2014. Dari 71 kab/kota mempunyai alokasi pembiayaan program UKM sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang No. 36 Tahun 2009, setiap daerah mengalokasikan anggaran untuk kegiatan UKM sebesar 2/3 dari total anggaran. Peningkatan alokasi anggaran program ukm baik bersumber dari pusat maupun daerah sesuai dengan prioritas masalah kesehatan.

PEMBIAYAAN PERTANIAN DAN UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI: ANALISA DATA MAKRO

ABSTRAK Anggaran di sektor pertanian menunjukkan kenaikan yang relatif signifikan tahun 2004-2014, namun demikian peningkatan anggaran ini tidak diikuti dengan adanya perbaikan yang mendasar terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan petani. Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP) sebagai indikator kesejahteraan petani menunjukkan bahwa kesejahteraan petani hanya berada pada kisaran 105. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peranan dari pembiayaan di sektor pertanian terhadap kesejahteraan petani. Data yang digunakan ini adalah data sekunder periode tahun 2004-2014 (month to month) dan metode analisis menggunakan regresi berganda dengan pendekatan ordinary least square (OLS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembiayaan pertanian memiliki peran untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani, adapun komponen pembiayaan yang mempengaruhi kesejahteraan petani tersebut adalah kredit, subsidi pupuk, subsidi benih, dan PMA, sedangkan PMDN tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Kata kunci: Pembiayaan Pertaian, Kesejahteran Petani, NTP ABSTRACT Budget in the agricultural sector showed a significant relative increase in the period 2004-2014, however, the budget increase is not accompanied by an improvement in fundamental to improving the welfare of farmers. Term of trade of farmers (NTP) as an indicator of the welfare of farmers indicate that the welfare only in the range of 105. Therefore, the aimed of study to analyze the role of finance in the agricultural sector to the welfare of farmers. The data used are secondary data in the 2004-2014 periods (month to month), and analytical methods used are multiple regression with ordinary least square (OLS) approach. The results of this study indicate that agricultural financing has a role to improve the welfare of farmers, while the financial component that affects the welfare of farmers is a credit, fertilizer subsidies, seed subsidies, and FDI, whereas no significant effect on domestic investment. Keywords: Financing of Agriculture, Farmers Welfare, NTP

Impact of Budget Increase and Primary health care Performance in the Era of National Health Insurance: Case Study in the Buleleng District

Since 2014, there has been an increase in funds for primary health care (PHC) coming from the National Health Insurance (NHI) program capitation funds and the Health Operational Assistance Fund (HOAF). This study aimed to explore the effect of this budget increase on the health care services at PHC. The case study used a qualitative approach and interviews from 19 PHC health workers with the highest and lowest budget. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and supported by quantitative data. The positive impact of the increasing PHC budget was felt by PHC staff due to the addition of operational equipment and incentives provided. Nevertheless, there was also a negative impact such as feeling overwhelmed due to an increase in the quantity of PHC activities and additional administrative affairs. It also triggered a negative interaction between staff due to the number of incentives received. The regulation on the use of budget empowers PHC to better arrange the schedule of activities and manage human resources. However, these regulations are considered restrictive and the administrative flow of funds is too long that hinder the optimal use of the budget.

China’s National People’s Congress in 2018: Defence Budget Increase and Veteran Affairs

Restructuring and downsizing of China’s military, its counter-corruption drive and improved supervision, its focus on its professional role and its limited goals may help optimise the use of the defence budget approved recently by the National People’s Congress (NPC). Similarly, the NPC’s decision to establish a Ministry of Veteran Affairs to resolve grievances of military veterans may enhance social stability and boost morale in the People’s Liberation Army as well as help Xi Jinping to consolidate power.