Edukasi Pentingnya Melakukan Hemodialisa Secara Rutin Bagi Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik

ABSTRAK Gagal ginjal kronis merupakan gangguan fungsi renal yang progresif dan irreversibel dimana kemampuan tubuh gagal untuk mempertahankan metabolisme dan keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit sehingga terjadi uremia. Cemas (ansietas) adalah suatu keadaan patologik yang ditandai oleh perasaan ketakutan diikuti dan disertai tanda somatik. Kecemasan juga merupakan respon terhadap suatu ancaman yang sumbernya tidak diketahui, internal, samar-samar, atau konfliktual. Kecemasan salah satunya disebabkan oleh gangguan biologik, seperti penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) yang membutuhkan hemodialisis. Penderita hemodialisis mengalami kecemasan, salah satunya dapat diakibatkan oleh kronisitas penyakit. Tujuan kegiatan adalah untuk memberikan sebuah pemahaman tentang perlunya dilakukan perawatan hemodialisa bagi pasien yang menjalani Hemodialisa di RSU Garut. Sasaran utama atau target khusus dari kegiatan ini adalah pasien gagal ginjal kronis yang dilakukan hemodialisa di ruang hemodialisa RSUD dr. Slamet Garut. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah melalui pemutaran video, ceramah, dan diskusi serta tanya jawab. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2018 di ruang kelas Demonstrasi Kampus Unpad Garut. peserta yang hadir sebanyak 20 orang. Acara diawali dengan pembukaan oleh kepala ruangan hemodialis, dan penjelasan tentang kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan. lalu memperkenalkan para pemateri yang hadir. Selanjutnya pemateri mengajak peserta untuk menyaksikan tayangan video tentang testimony pasien gagal ginjal kronis dan bahaya gagal ginjal kronis pada tubuh manusia dan dilanjutkan dengan ceramah tentang pentingnya dilakukan hemodialisa pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis. Setelah pemutaraan video dan cermah tersebut selesai, maka dilakukan diskusi dan tanya jawab seputar isi materi kegiatan. Acara ditutup dengan pembagian hadiah bagi tiga orang peserta yang paling aktif selama mengikuti kegiatan. Kegiatan ini memberikan hasil tentang pemahaman tentang keuntungan hemodialisa bagi pasien gagal ginjal kronis. Kata Kunci: Cemas, Edukasi, Gagal Ginjal Kronis, Hemodialisa ABSTRACT Chronic renal failure is a progressive and irreversible impairment of renal function in which the body's ability to fail to maintain metabolism and fluid and electrolyte balance resulting in uremia. Anxiety (anxiety) is a pathological condition characterized by a feeling of fear followed and accompanied by somatic signs. Anxiety is also a response to a threat whose source is unknown, internal, vague, or conflictual. One of the causes of anxiety is biological disorders, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) which requires hemodialysis. Hemodialysis sufferers experience anxiety, one of which can be caused by the chronicity of the disease. The purpose of the activity is to provide an understanding of the need for hemodialysis treatment for patients undergoing hemodialysis at Garut General Hospital. The main target or specific target of this activity is chronic kidney failure patients who are undergoing hemodialysis in the hemodialysis room of dr. Slamet Garut. The method used in this activity is through video playback, lectures, and discussion, and question and answer. Activities were carried out in July 2018 in the Garut Campus Demonstration classroom. participants who attended were 20 people. The event begins with an opening by the head of the hemodial room, and an explanation of the activities to be carried out. then introduced the presenters. Furthermore, the speaker invited the participants to watch a video about the testimony of chronic kidney failure patients and the dangers of chronic kidney failure in the human body and continued with a lecture on the importance of hemodialysis in chronic kidney failure patients. After the screening of the video and lecture was completed, a discussion and question and answer were held about the content of the activity material. The event was closed by distributing prizes to the three most active participants during the activity. This activity provides an understanding of the benefits of hemodialysis for patients with chronic renal failure. Keywords: Anxiety, Education, Chronic Renal Failure, Hemodialysis

Conservative Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)

The infant, child and adolescent who has irreversible impairment of renal function, regardless of the specific etiology, invariably experiences a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over time. This decline in GFR can be attributed to an unremitting attack on the remaining unaffected nephrons by, the primary disease process such as in a patient with acquired immune complex disease, but the reasons for the progressive decline in GFR in patients with congenital diseases are more difficult to identify. Currently the hypothesis attributing the decline in GFR to damage to the remaining intact nephrons resulting from hyperperfusion is receiving increasing attention. Creation of CRF in the rat model by 7/8 nephrectomy leads to a rapid decline in GFR and focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) in the previously normal glomeruli. This lesion of FGS is presumably a result of hyperperfusion of the remaining normal nephrons in order to compensate for the reduction in functioning renal mass.

Welfare of zebra finches used in research

Over the past 50 years, songbirds have become a valuable model organism for scientists studying vocal communication from its behavioral, hormonal, neuronal, and genetic perspectives. Many advances in our understanding of vocal learning result from research using the zebra finch, a close-ended vocal learner. We review some of the manipulations used in zebra finch research, such as isolate housing, transient/irreversible impairment of hearing/vocal organs, implantation of small devices for chronic electrophysiology, head fixation for imaging, aversive song conditioning using sound playback, and mounting of miniature backpacks for behavioral monitoring. We highlight the use of these manipulations in scientific research, and estimate their impact on animal welfare, based on the literature and on data from our past and ongoing work. The assessment of harm-benefits tradeoffs is a legal prerequisite for animal research in Switzerland. We conclude that a diverse set of known stressors reliably lead to suppressed singing rate, and that by contraposition, increased singing rate may be a useful indicator of welfare. We hope that our study can contribute to answering some of the most burning questions about zebra finch welfare in research on vocal behaviors.

Alzheimer's Electroencephalogram Event Scalp and Source Localization

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia which causes a progressive and irreversible impairment of several cognitive functions. The aging population has been increasing significantly in recent decades and this disease affects mainly the elderly. Its diagnostic accuracy is relatively low and there is not a biomarker able to detect AD without invasive tests. Despite the progress in better understanding the disease there remains no prospect of cure at least in the near future. The electroencephalogram (EEG) test is a widely available technology in clinical settings. It may help diagnosis of brain disorders, once it can be used in patients who have cognitive impairment involving a general decrease in overall brain function or in patients with a located deficit. This study is a new approach to improve the scalp localization and the detection of brain anomalies (EEG temporal events) sources associated with AD by using the EEG.

Different possibilities for the formation of complexes of copper and zinc with chlorophyll inside photosynthetic organelles: Chloroplasts and thylakoids

The possibility of the formation of copper and zinc complexes with chlorophyll in photosynthetic organelles (chloroplasts) and suborganelles (thylakoids) was studied. The visible and fluorescence spectra obtained from chloroplasts and thylakoids in the presence of the two metals confirmed complex formation in the case of copper, while such possibility appears to be very minor in the case of zinc. The reason for this distinction lies in the different type of complexes which chlorophyll forms with the two metals: only "central" or "substitution" copper-chlorophyll complexes may be formed inside the two isolated entities, while the formation of a possible zinc-chlorophyll "peripheral" type of complex is prevented for steric reasons. The latter fact is of high biological relevance, since both complexes may cause an irreversible impairment and damage of photosynthetic function.

Regional myocardial interstitial norepinephrine kinetics during coronary occlusion and reperfusion

We investigated myocardial interstitial norepinephrine kinetics in both the ischemic and nonischemic regions during reperfusion after 40 min of coronary occlusion in anesthetized cats. By use of a cardiac dialysis technique, dialysate norepinephrine contents from both regions were monitored as an index of myocardial interstitial norepinephrine levels. For vehicle perfusate (n = 8), the accumulated dialysate norepinephrine level in the postischemic region decreased from 3,010 +/- 923 pg/ml at 30-40 min of occlusion to 957 +/- 178 pg/ml at 0-10 min of reperfusion and returned to near control level at 30-40 min of reperfusion. After 40 min of reperfusion, there were no significant differences in tyramine (100 micrograms/ml, norepinephrine-releasing sympathomimetic amine)-induced norepinephrine release between both regions. For perfusate containing 100 microM desipramine (neural uptake inhibitor, n = 6), at 0-10 min of reperfusion, the dialysate norepinephrine in the postischemic region did not significantly decrease. The dialysate norepinephrine then returned to near preocclusion level at 30-40 min of reperfusion. These data suggest that reperfusion rapidly returns accumulated myocardial norepinephrine to the preischemic level and neuronal norepinephrine uptake greatly contributes to this return in the early phase of reperfusion. Forty minutes of coronary occlusion cause neither norepinephrine exhaustion nor irreversible impairment of norepinephrine uptake function in nerve terminals.

Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity of rabbit kidney cortex membranes in ischemia and reperfusion.

The activity of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in the microsomal fraction of rabbit kidney cortex was strongly decreased by ischemia and increased slightly, but not significantly, after reperfusion. These changes were correlated with a dramatic increase in lipid peroxidation in microsomes isolated from both ischemic and reperfused kidneys. This correlation may point to irreversible impairment of the enzymatic function under the influence of either oxygen free radicals or lipid peroxidation.

A Chronic Impairment of Colour Vision in Users of LSD

SummaryForty-six users of the hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide were compared with 31 controls on a test of colour discrimination an average of two years after their last exposure to the drug. Controls performed better than users, and LSD users without flashbacks performed better than users with flashbacks. An analysis of variance between the three groups was significant at P <0.001. This study suggests that some users of LSD may have a sustained or irreversible impairment in colour discrimination.