CHEMICAL CONTROL OF PEACHES FROM CLASTEROSPORIOSIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Peach varieties Istikbol and Gulnoz were found to be resistant to clasterosporiosis. The incidence rate ranged from 13.0 to 45.0%, with the severity of the disease from 8.0 to 22.7%. In the fight against clasterosporiosis, the chemical method is considered the most effective. For chemical protection, it is recommended early spring triple treatment of trees in the following terms: 1 - before the buds swell; 2 - after blooming of trees; 3 - two weeks after blooming, with one of the following fungicides: Skor 250 EC (normally 0.02% suspension), Kresoxin 50% WDG. (0.02%), Topsin-M 70% WP (0.1%) and Falcon 46% EC (0.05%) against peach clasterosporiosis. KEYWORDS: peach, fungus, disease, clasterosporiosis, fungicide, efficiency, productivity

Emergence of Mucormycosis during COVID-19 Pandemic in India

The present review describes about the disease and the fungal agent in brief, and also stresses for establishment of mechanically ventilated hospital wards across the country. Second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India has been complicated by high infection rate (R0), 600% jump in medical oxygen demand by COVID hospitals, and after all emergence of Mucormycosis since April-May 2021 leading to fatal complications. Mucormycosis is a very rare infection in humans. It is caused by exposure to mucor mould/ fungi which is commonly found in soil, plants, manure, and decaying fruits and vegetables. These Fungi belonging to the class Zygomycetes and order Mucorales often cause devastating angio-invasive infections, primarily in co-morbid and immunocompromised patients. The emergence of mucormycosis is being reported globally. In India, people with diabetes mellitus are highly susceptible to the disease. But during the second wave of Covid-19 in India, several cases of mucormycosis, also called the "black fungus" disease, have been reported among convalescing and convalescent COVID-19 patients across India with a mortality rate of 50%. More than 5000 cases of mucormycosis during the second wave of Covid-19, have been reported in about 21 states of the country, with Maharashtra and Gujarat states reporting highest number of cases (as on 21 May 2021). The infection has claimed over 120 lives so far, and has complicated recovery from Covid-19 in many more. The Indian Union health ministry has declared mucormycosis as a notified disease under the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897.

Fusarium Wilt Disease Control Using Biological Agents Trichoderma and Mycorrhizaeon Pepper

Fusarium oxysporum is the main fungus disease that can wither plants, especially pepper. The fungus spread through diseased soil or already withered plants and then infect plants from its roots. Doing control by using antagonistic fungi such as Trichoderma sp. and Arbuscularmycorrhizae have been widely performed. Trichoderma sp. is a fungus rich with an antifungal activity that produce metabolites, both volatile and non-volatile. These metabolites produced by Trichoderma can diffuse through the dialysis membrane which capable to slow several pathogens growth. Mycorrhizae creates mutual symbiosis between certain types of fungi with roots, also known as biological agents, capable to control F. oxysporum on pepper and to help antibiotics formation. The study was conducted at Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit BPTP East Java, starting from January to May 2016. This study used completely randomized design (CRD) with treatment consisted of 16 combined doses of Mycorrhizae and Trichoderma, each repeated 4 times that produce 64 test units. Mycorrhizae dose used is 0.0; 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 grams per polybag, while the Trichoderma dose used is 0.0; 15.0; 30.0; and 45.0 grams per polybag. Data were statistically analyzed by variance analysis and followed by a BNT test of 0.05. The results showed Mycorrhizae 4 g /polybag and Trichoderma 45 g /polybag application could increase the incubation period of F. Oxysporum fungus, shorten xylem discoloration and then reduce wilted plants percentage. Mycorrhizae application can boost Trichoderma fungus in order to reduce wilt disease found in pepper plants

Efektivitas Fungisida Berbahan Aktif Heksakonazol terhadap Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih Bibit Tanaman Karet (Hevea brasiliensis)

<p class="KataKunciInggris">White Root Fungus Disease (JAP) is the biggest threat in rubber. The attack can result in a significant reduction in number, especially in plants lasting 0-3 years. The pathogen that causes white fungus is Rigidoporus lignosus. In JAP endemic areas, decreased tree density 40-50%. In rubber seedlings, symptoms of JAP attack with yellowing color leaves, then dry and fall. This study was conducted at STIP-AP Medan from January 2017 to June 2017. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of several doses of hexaconazole. This study uses a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications. Hexaconazole fungicides are active with treatment of A0, A1, A2, A3 and A4 (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ml / l air). The results of this study indicate that A2 application of hexaconazole-active fungicides (10 ml / l air) has been effective in controlling JAP disease in rubber seedlings.</p>

Early Visualization Detection of Gray Mold (Botrytis) on Eggplant Leaves Based on Multi-Spectral Image

Gray mold (Botrytis) is a common fungus disease on eggplants,it can reduce the production by 20-30% at worse. Most disease infestations are not evenly distributed across the cultivation area but in patches [1]. The usual method of prevention is spraying fungicide on entire field, which would requires an excessive amount of fungicide and resulting, increases cost of production, pollutes the environment, and improves of resistance fungal strains [2]. In fact, the fungicide can be spray only the area infected which is rather small on the early stage and it is fully capable of controlling disease spread. Therefore, rapid disease detection is the key. The accurate and effective detection method would be helpful for reducing the dosage of fungicide and preventing disease spread.