CHEMICAL CONTROL OF PEACHES FROM CLASTEROSPORIOSIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Peach varieties Istikbol and Gulnoz were found to be resistant to clasterosporiosis. The incidence rate ranged from 13.0 to 45.0%, with the severity of the disease from 8.0 to 22.7%. In the fight against clasterosporiosis, the chemical method is considered the most effective. For chemical protection, it is recommended early spring triple treatment of trees in the following terms: 1 - before the buds swell; 2 - after blooming of trees; 3 - two weeks after blooming, with one of the following fungicides: Skor 250 EC (normally 0.02% suspension), Kresoxin 50% WDG. (0.02%), Topsin-M 70% WP (0.1%) and Falcon 46% EC (0.05%) against peach clasterosporiosis. KEYWORDS: peach, fungus, disease, clasterosporiosis, fungicide, efficiency, productivity

Combined triple treatment of fibrin amyloid microclots and platelet pathology in individuals with Long COVID/ Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) can resolve their persistent symptoms

We recognise that fibrin(ogen) amyloid microclots and platelet hyperactivation, that we have previously observed in COVID-19 and Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) patients, might form a suitable set of foci for the clinical treatment of the symptoms of long COVID/PASC. We first report on the comorbidities and symptoms found in a cohort of 845 South African Long COVID/PASC patients who filled in the South African Long COVID/PASC registry, of which hypertension and high cholesterol levels (dyslipidaemia) were the most important comorbidities. The gender balance (70% female) and the most commonly reported Long COVID/PASC symptoms (fatigue, brain fog, loss of concentration and forgetfulness, shortness of breath, as well as joint and muscle pains) were comparable to those reported elsewhere. This suggests that our sample was not at all atypical. Using a previously published scoring system for fibrin amyloid microclots and platelet pathology, we analysed blood samples from 70 patients, and report the presence of significant fibrin amyloid microclots and platelet pathology in all cases; these were associated with Long COVID/PASC symptoms that persisted after the recovery from acute COVID-19. A subset of 24 patients was treated with one month of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (Clopidogrel 75mg/Aspirin 75mg) once a day, as well as a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) (Apixiban) 5 mg twice a day. A proton pump inhibitor (PPI) pantoprazole 40 mg/day was also prescribed for gastric protection. Such a regime must only be followed under strict and qualified medical guidance to obviate any dangers, especially haemorrhagic bleeding, and of the therapy as a whole. Thromboelastography (TEG®) was used to assist in determining their clotting status. Each of the 24 treated cases reported that their main symptoms were resolved and fatigue as the main symptom was relieved, and this was also reflected in a decrease of both the fibrin amyloid microclots and platelet pathology scores. Nine patients were genotyped for genetic variation in homocysteine metabolism implicated in hypertension, a common COVID-19 co-morbidity reported in both patients found to be homozygous for the risk-associated MTHFR 677 T-allele. Fibrin amyloid microclots that block capillaries and inhibit the transport of O2 to tissues, accompanied by platelet hyperactivation, provide a ready explanation for the symptoms of Long COVID/PASC. The removal and reversal of these underlying epitheliopathies underlying this provide an important treatment option that seems to be highly efficacious, and warrants controlled clinical studies.

Systemic Triple Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mHSPC): Ready for Prime Time or Still to Be Explored?

For decades, mono androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the gold standard for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) treatment. Several studies have been published within the last seven years demonstrating a significant survival advantage by combination treatment with standard ADT plus docetaxel or androgen receptor-axis-targeted therapy (ARAT) compared to ADT monotherapy. As a result, overall survival can be prolonged by at least 18 months. Recently published congress data of the PEACE-1 study suggests that in the future, triple therapy might be the new gold standard. In addition to this study, which has shown that triple treatment with standard ADT plus docetaxel plus abiraterone is superior to standard ADT plus docetaxel, several other phase III triple therapy studies are currently ongoing. The different modes of action that are investigated reach from AR-targeting over mitotic inhibition and immunotherapy to PARP and AKT inhibition. In this review we will explore if triple therapy has the potential to be the new standard for mHSPC treatment in the near future.

Neuroprotective Effects of a Combined Therapy With Memantine, Donepezil and Vitamin D in Ovariectomized Female Mice Subjected to Dementia Model

The postmenopausal period is characterized by a decrease in the hormonal supply which is associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Vitamin D is neuroprotective and can be used in combination with pre-existing medications to improve its effects. The objective was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D associated with memantine and donepezil in female mice submitted to ovariectomy (OVX) for 5 months and subjected to an AD-induced dementia model. Animals were divided into 5 groups who received 17 days of treatment and were subjected to behavioral tests. The animals underwent euthanasia at 18th day. OVX groups exhibit reduced levels of E2 and triple treatment group had high levels of vitamin D. The induction of dementia with OVX induced short- and long-term spatial and habituation memories damage. Also, induced reduction of BDNF and IL-4 levels in hippocampus, and increasing levels of TNFα in hippocampus and of IL-1β in hippocampus and frontal cortex of animals, as well as a significant increase on GFAP immunoreactivity. Triple-association treatment reversed the effects of long-term spatial and habituation memories damage, as well as reversed changes in TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4 and GFAP immunoreactivity levels in hippocampus of treated animals. Therapeutic association has beneficial effects on memory and inflammation parameters in female mice subjected to OVX and the AD animal model of dementia.

Study on the effect of a triple cancer treatment of propolis, thermal cycling-hyperthermia, and low-intensity ultrasound on PANC-1 cells

To reduce side effects and enhance treatment efficacy, study on combination therapy for pancreatic cancer, a deadly cancer, has gained much attraction in recent years. In this study, we propose a novel triple treatment combining propolis and two physical stimuli‒thermal cycling-hyperthermia (TC-HT) and low-intensity ultrasound (US). The study found that, after the triple treatment, the cell viability of a human cancer cell line PANC-1 decreased to a level 80% less than the control, without affecting the normal pancreatic cells. Another result was excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after the triple treatment, leading to the amplification of apoptotic pathway through the MAPK family and mitochondrial dysfunction, while activating autophagy simultaneously. This study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first attempt to combine TC-HT, US, and a natural compound in cancer treatment. The combination of TC-HT and US also promotes the anticancer effect of the heat-sensitive chemotherapy drug cisplatin on PANC-1 cells. It is expected that optimized parameters for different agents and different types of cancer will expand the methodology on oncological therapy in a safe manner.

Hansen's disease – a forgotten disease?

Hansen's disease, also known as leprosy, is an infection caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. The authors present the case of a 52-year-old man, born in Tondela and living in Espinho, with no pathological antecedents. The clinical picture began in April 2017, when macular lesions appeared in the lower limbs and rapidly progressed to the trunk and upper limbs, associated with complaints of pruritus but without alterations in the analytical study. After several topical and systemic treatments with glucocorticoids, antifungals, antibacterials and unsuccessful antihistamines, he was referred to an external consultation of Dermatology. He performed a biopsy of one of the lesions that revealed the definitive diagnosis: “Lepromatous Leprosy”. After the biopsy result, he started triple treatment with rifampicin, clofazimine and dapsone with improvement of the condition.

Following the discovery of anti-MDA5 Ab, the clinical understanding of dermatomyositis has been improved

Knowledge about clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis has exploded in the last two decades, especially after the discovery of anti-MDA5 Ab. The disease's likely genesis and pathophysiological processes have been studied in a number of scientific and epidemiological studies. Thanks to a slew of new large-scale cohort studies, the clinical characteristics of MDA5+ DM may be better identified. In addition, several prognostic indicators have been discovered, such as respiratory physiology measures and serum biomarkers, which have helped to enhance risk categorization in clinical practice and restrict the design of future clinical studies. Quantitative evaluation of pulmonary HRCT data may be the trend of imaging testing in MDA5+ DM-ILD. The current standard of treatment for MDA5+ DM-ILD is "triple treatment" with JAK inhibitors, which has been proven in recent trials to significantly improve the survival of early-stage patients. Total mortality in this incurable disease, however, is still shockingly high, especially in advanced-stage patients. There is still a pressing need for a more effective and well-evidenced treatment approach for MDA5+ DM-ILD.

BIOLOGIZED WAY TO REDUCE HARMFULNESS OF PEACH APHID MYZODES PERSICAE SULZ. ON TOBACCO SOWINGS

The article offers a biologized method to effectively protect tobacco from the peach aphid, a dangerous pest, and a carrier of a viral infection. The method is based on the application of domestic bioinsecticides Bikol, Rapsol, and Biostop. We determined that triple treatment with these preparations effectively (by 81–87 %) suppress the number of phytopathogens for 14 days at the level of economic threshold of harmfulness. At the same time, the prevalence of viral infection is reduced by 2.5–3.3 times.

New fungicides for protecting vines infected with downy mildew

This research paper presents the findings concerning the effectiveness of utilizing Pergado Zoks water dispersible granule (WDG) and Zorvec Encantia suspo-emulsion (SE) fungicides to protect grapevines against downy mildew. It shows that double or triple treatment of vines provides strong protection of the plants against the disease without adversely affecting vegetative growth of the crop. It has been proven that effective protection of vines against downy mildew through the use of Pergado Zoks WDGs and Zorvec Encantia SE has allowed for ensuring high crop-saving rate (up to 140%) as compared to control.