Proposed single-zone map projection system for Turkey

The coordinate base of the maps or sheets produced is the Universal Transversal Mercator (UTM) conformal projection, and it is not possible to work in a single coordinate system in Turkey. Therefore, a transition from UTM to other conformal projections is required. For the countries extending in an east–west UTM zone width like Turkey, composite projection (CP), a double standard paralleling Lambert Conformal Conic (LCC) and double map projections (DP) are used widely. However, this process causes increase in working load and processing errors by users. This study aims to determine a common projection system that can be used in the whole country. In this context, a composite projection from UTM and LCC projection has been defined for the first time. According to the results obtained, map projection CP with the least distortion values in both east–west and north–south directions has been chosen. With the CP selection, a single coordinate system has been determined for medium- and large-scale maps. Projection correction formulas, scale factor and false origin have been determined for map coordinates in CP. These distortions are obtained with a difference of less than 1 cm for 1 km long sides and less than 0.003″ for the azimuth value of this side, when the correction formulas are used.

Studying the homogeneity of the coordinate base SSC-2011 at arranging a special-purpose geodetic network

The results of studies on the SSC-2011 coordinate base homogeneity carried out in the process of linking a special-purpose geodetic network’s points to this coordinate system are presented. The research consisted of multiple determinations of the differential geodetic stations (DGS) coordinates in GSK-2011 from different types of the coordinate base of this system. In the first version, they were obtained through their binding to the nearest points of the SGN with known coordinates in the SSC-2011. In the second one, the DGS was linked to SSC-2011 by GNSS vectors to four FAGS points. In the third variant, in order to obtain these coordinates in SSC-2011 the reference were four points of the IGS network. The grid coordinates of the DGS determined in GSK-2011 from the FAGS and IGS points coincided within 1,3 cm. Those of the DGS in SSC-2011, from points of the SGN, differ from the ones obtained in the FAGS and IGS by maximum values up to 21,8 cm, 22,2 cm, 27,2 cm in the abscissa, ordinate, and position, respectively. The derived data on the degree of heterogeneity of the SGN in SSC-2011 enable concluding the impracticality of using it as the coordinate basis of this system at carrying out works, requiring positioning accuracy at the level of several centimeters.

Features of application of geoinformation systems and technologies for solving production problems of JSC "Russian Railways"

The article discusses the possibility of creating effective geoinformation technologies to improve the operation of JSC "Russian Railways". The need for them is due to the huge scale of the territories occupied by the railway infrastructure, and the specifics of work activities that are associated with the organization of the transportation process. It is proposed to follow five principles when creating a unified railway GEODATA database: the use of a single coordinate base, the uniqueness of each object and the use of geographical coordinates as the primary key, the definition of a generalized graph of the railway network using a digital path model, the use of existing geoinformation resources, continuous updating and updating of information. Key words: geoinformation technology, single database, the railroad, digital model of the road.

Origin of fermion generations from extended noncommutative geometry

We propose a way to understand the three fermion generations by the algebraic structures of noncommutative geometry, which is a promising framework to unify the standard model and general relativity. We make the tensor product extension and the quaternion extension on the framework. Each of the two extensions alone keeps the action invariant, and we consider them as the almost trivial structures of the geometry. We combine the two extensions, and show the corresponding physical effects, i.e. the emergence of three fermion generations and the mass relationships among those generations. We define the coordinate fiber space of the bundle of the manifold as the space in which the classical noncommutative geometry is expressed, then the tensor product extension explicitly shows the contribution of structures in the non-coordinate base space of the bundle to the action. The quaternion extension plays an essential role to reveal the physical effect of the structure in the non-coordinate base space.

Modelling of the Planar Aerostatic Two-Coordinate Relative Bases

The paper describes the construction and the principle of operation of a planar aerostatic two-coordinate relative base. The physical model and the mathematical description of a planar aerostatic two-coordinate relative base are presented. Stages of the computer simulation of the planar aerostatic two-coordinate base and the computer simulation results are presented.

Some 5- and 6-coordinate base adducts of Bis(acetylacetonato)manganese(II)

From diaquobis(acetylacetonato)manganese(II) we have obtained mono- and bis(pyridine)acetylacetonatomanganese(II), corresponding 4-methylpyridine compounds, bis-2-methylpyridine-, aquo-2-methylpyridine-, and o-phenanthroline- derivatives and some compounds in which all or part of the water is replaced by ethanol. All these compounds have magnetic moments which are normal for spin-free d5 complexes, but anhydrous bis(acetylacetonato)manganese(II) has a slightly lower moment. Molecular weight determinations show that the anhydrous compound is trimeric; the adducts with one molecule of base, though monomeric and 5-coordinate in freshly prepared benzene solutions, slowly decompose in solution, probably to condensed 6-coordinate species; the bispyridine, bis-4-methylpyridine, and o-phenanthroline adducts also dissociate in solution, an indication that manganese(II) forms unstable complexes with nitrogen as donor atom. The dark colour of these solutions appears to be due to manganese(IV) oxide.