Lexico-semantic meanings of the word Sufi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (121) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
N Mansurov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Public Speech ◽  
Semantic Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ofthe Word

The article examines the semantic nature of the word “Sufi”, widely used in thehistory of language. The based linguistic materials are differentiated by scientific data. The analysislooks at terminological, religious, linguistic concepts of the word, its semantic use and changes inhistorical periods, lexical and semantic concepts and functions of our language. It is also thefoundations of the formation of the word Sufi in accordance with the norms of public speech, itsentry into circulation, the period of its activity, etc. The definition of the word as a character, theconclusions of those who have completely sacrificed themselves to religion and accepted it as a wayof life, are well presented in the historical data. Periodic and systematic lines of work areconsistently offered. The life principles of those who have glorified and promoted Sufism, paved aparticular path, and formed a school of Sufism are also presented with compelling facts. Theinformation that these famous schools had their own principles, ways, and structure is based on theopinions and conclusions of scholars. In fact, if the cognitive characteristics of the worshipper,worship, action, and piety, which have special significance in human life, are subjected to specialanalysis, the method, purpose, and mission of those who follow this path are considered veryimportant. At the same time, such actions of those who make Sufism their pillar, aim at it, and set asa principle to live only by love to the Creator alone, inevitably requires special study. Therefore, theimportance of this work is reflected here, and special attention is paid to the etymological study ofthe history and semantic nature of the word. The first meaning of the word Sufi, the second name,the official meaning, has been scientifically established. The fact that from the first appearance ofthe word such issues as submission to the Creator's will, directing all thoughts and actions to theCreator, have influenced the history of the word's origin cannot be overlooked. The author revealsthe basic principles and pillars of the word, its concepts, and therefore its status in worship. In aword, the official nature of the word Sufi was defined, which determined the role and place in theformation of values in the spiritual cognition of the peoples of the Kazakh steppes.

scholarly journals Procedure and conditions of life executing punishment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Konopelskyi ◽  
Valentyna Merkulova ◽  
Oksana Hrytenko ◽  
Kateryna Pogrebna ◽  
Harehyn Muradyan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
System Implementation ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Life Imprisonment ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Disciplinary System

The article is devoted to the consideration of essence and tendencies of reforming the criminal-executive legislation of Ukraine concerning the procedure and execution and serving life imprisonment conditions. Certain debatable provisions, both theoretical and legal, concerning procedure and conditions of life service executing punishment are considered. It is proved that clarity, completeness and system-legal balance will be facilitated by the formal reproduction in the law of classification of all criminal-executive norms of Chapter 22 of the Criminal Executive Code (hereinafter–CEC) (based on a certain criterion) into norms of general and special significance, which in turn should be divided into the following subtypes. General penitentiary provisions, which determine the initial legal status of persons sentenced to life imprisonment, provide a list and features of the rights, legitimate interests, responsibilities of convicts, ways (mechanism) to comply with safe conditions of detention, etc. General penitentiary provisions, which define the basic principles for implementation of changes in detention conditions during execution and serving a sentence (essence, tasks, forms, general requirements for material grounds for application, procedural issues of progressive system implementation, definition of disciplinary system).

The Historical Importance of the Concept of Business Ethics and Evaluation in Terms of Employees in Human Resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 220-247
Author(s):  
Zafer Adiguzel
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

To provide a better and happier society, the framework of certain principles and the history of the concept of ethics aims to direct the people's behaviours constituting that society. The first known philosophers discussed the concept of ethics at that time. The continuation of discussions about ethics to the present day shows that the importance of the image in human life has never changed and has not lost its actuality. In fact, it isn't easy to show a specific and bordered area of business ethics. In this case, it is possible to narrow the definition of business ethics by excluding some important elements or extending it to a wide area that is completely encompassing. In this study, the historical importance of business ethics and human resources are evaluated.

scholarly journals Educational space of visual art of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Nataliia BULAVINA
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Educational Component

The article analyses the educational space of Ukrainian visual arts. The educational component of the modern art system is insufficiently studied and requires the definition of its boundaries, a description of the main characteristics, the delineation of development vectors. Therefore, the article gives a meticulous view of the preconditions and history of building the basic principles of the educational order of local visual arts. The rest of the research examines the current learning process, its structure, components and communication links. The author determines the place of education in the system of institutional structure of modern visual art of Ukraine, emphasizes its features in relation to the global educational art paradigm.

scholarly journals Vital essence of a human in concepts of the Ob Ugrians and the Udmurts: to the question about Permian-Ugric parallels in mytho-ritual traditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-574
Author(s):  
T. V. Voldina ◽  
◽  
T. G. Minniyakhmetova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: the Ob-Ugric and Permian traditions have preserved elements of the ancient mythological consciousness, the study of which together with the available data of related sciences would shed light on the history of the formation of these ethnic cultures traditionally. The solution to such a complex problem is possible on the basis of a comparative analysis of the individual aspects of the perception of the worldview, including its basic values. The authors do not pretend to be unambiguous in their interpretation of limiting themselves for a start to the definition of a single worldview field with the existing of uniqueness, originality and individuality of the cultures of the communities under consideration. Objective: to examine the complexity of the general and specific ideas of the Khanty, Mansi and Udmurts about the components of the human spiritual essence (souls), its characteristic and exceptional properties, including reincarnation, family relations/ties and patronage of descendants under the perception of their traditional worldview of human life and its basic values. Research materials: the research materials are based on (a) the proceedings of the field study materials during interaction with the communities specified which are considered as the primary resources of the study undertaken by the researchers, (b) secondary materials are taken from the scientific articles, book chapters and literature etc. published so far, (c) similar research findings by the scholars in this area of study, and (d) archival resources of the nineteenth and twentieth century. Results and novelty of the research: the study of the ideas about the human soul among the examined ethnicities of the selected communities in this study have their own historical context; nevertheless, a comparative analysis of the findings lead to the novel reflections and conclusions those reveal both universal concepts for the ethnic groups and distinctive/specific characteristics peculiar to the Udmurts or the Ob-Ugrians. The Ugric and Permian people have a clear concept of the presence of two components in a human defined as two souls which are the necessary condition for a life. On the basis of this idea, certain judgments, norms of behavior, and ritual actions have been developed traditionally. The common ideas of these people are also based on the concepts about the role of the ‘mother goddess’ and the influence of the departed on the creation of the life and their ability to endow a newborn with a soul. A distinctive feature of the worldview of the Ob-Ugrians is the presence of a system of ideas about the reincarnation of the souls of the ancestors in descendants and about the connection between the soul and the flower(s) in the worldview of the Udmurts.

Pleasure: A History

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Early Islamic

This book challenges received views about pleasures as principally motivating of action, themselves unanalyzable, caused, rather than responsive to reasons, and perhaps because of that, antithetical to rationality by looking to the history of philosophical accounts of pleasure. The book begins by showing how Plato, Aristotle, early Islamic philosophers, and philosophers in the medieval Latin tradition, such as Aquinas, honed in on the challenge unifying the variety of pleasures so that they fall under one concept. In the early modern period, philosophers shift from understanding the logic of pleasure to treating pleasure as a mental state. As the studies of Malebranche, Berkeley, and Kant show, the central problem becomes understanding the relation of pleasure to other sensory experiences and so the role of pleasure in human cognition and knowledge. The Reflections, on visual representations in seventeenth-century classrooms and the difficult music of composers like Bach, demonstrate translation of these concerns to cultural production in the period. As the essay on Mill demonstrates, the nineteenth-century development of scientific psychology narrows the definition of pleasure, and so the philosophical focus. Contemporary accounts of pleasure, in both philosophy and psychology, are now recognizing the limitations of this narrow focus, and once again recognizing the complexity of pleasure and so of its role in human life.

Ethical Traditions of the Polish Police

2019 ◽  
Vol Special Issue ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Edward Wiszowaty ◽  
Anna Zellma
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
State Police ◽  
Police Ethics ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
History Of ◽  
Universal Values

Ethical traditions of the Polish police are directly related to the history of this uniformed service. Starting from the interwar period until the present day, with the exception of the communist times when the State Police was replaced by the Citizen’s Militia, ethics has played an important role in the work of law enforcers. It provides basic principles, resulting from universal moral values, without which it is impossible to serve society and the homeland responsibly. The specificity of the professional ethics of this uniformed agency is directly related to its service-oriented character, based on intensive and often difficult interpersonal contacts. The present times witness the emergence of new challenges in the area of good standards of police ethics. In order to better recognize the ethical standards and see their importance in the work of the Polish police, it is worth referring to the standards of the State Police. They were a kind of quintessence of police officers’ moral and professional duties. They were based on such values as: God, Homeland, honour, truth, conscientiousness, responsibility, justice, reticence in speech, friendliness and obedience to the orders of superiors. These values are timeless and still topical, even in our modern times. Resignation from the above mentioned values may result in police officers pretending to respect ethical principles in their work, which was evident in the activities of the Citizen’s Militia. Therefore, the above fully justifies police efforts undertaken after 1990, which are expressed not only as concern for reliably developed legal regulations and operational directives to be followed while performing official duties, but also as compliance with the principles of police ethics, which are based on universal values (including the protection of human life and health, respect for human dignity, truth, responsibility and patriotism). This goal is to be achieved both through education on basic training and specialist courses, as well as thanks to police priests’ work.

scholarly journals Harmonic aspects of kalokagathia: historical and philosophical analysis.

Osvitolohiya ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Kobzieva
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Harmonious Development ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Ancient Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Aesthetic Concepts

The paper considers to philosophically analyze the harmony and harmonious development of man, their interpretation from Antiquity to our days. Human life on perpetual search for inner and outer harmony. The author of the article analyze the statements of the greatest philosophers about the harmonious development of the person. Тhe idea that the ideal of a developed harmonious person is substantial basis of the ancient ideal of kalokagathia throughout the history of development and transformation іt is discussed. For many centuries from antiquity to the present day, representatives of philosophy have tried to explain who the person is. And a harmonious development person, should be in the priority for the development of any state. In the historical dynamics, the accents of these philosophical problems were repeatedly changed, their basic principles and thesis were rethought. Accordingly, the views of people changed, and consequently the ideas of kalokagathia, harmony and harmonious development. But only the main feature ‒ components ‒ did not change. Specificity of harmony and harmonious development is revealed on the basis of an analysis of philosophical and scientific material. These widespread terms are kalokagathia, one of the key concepts and basic methodological principles of ancient Greek philosophy. They make it possible for a person to realize his outer and his inner world as a single whole, and is in certain eternal inner relationships. The findings of the research show that the harmonious development, as an idea of kalokagathia always aimed at the development of external and internal abilities and instilling a sense of beauty, goodness, justice, truth and their harmonious harmony. The philosophical thought of harmonious development, after going through the ages, acquired new interpretive meanings and national specifics. And in the history of each culture there were periods when accents were drawn on kalokagathia meanings and their reading in the system, ethical and philosophical, aesthetic concepts. The idea of harmonious human development connects the past with our modernity. Moreover, this idea is constantly directed to the future, because it is in a state of continuous development.

scholarly journals Experience of Developing a database of storytellers of the Yakut Epos

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-243
Author(s):  
S. D. Lvova ◽  
L. N. Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
National Language ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Database Development ◽  
Database Table ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The results of the analysis of the basic principles of compiling the database “Olonkhosuts of Yakutia of the 17th—20th centuries” — about the storytellers of the Yakut national epic are presented. The relevance of the research is determined by some difficulties in the systematization and design of the information content of the repository. A brief overview of the history of the study of the personalities of Yakut storytellers is given, the stages of database development are discussed in detail. It is noted that as a result of the generalization of the material a reference book that contains more than 1300 names of storytellers of the 17th-20th centuries was published by the team of the Olonkho Research Institute of M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University. Problems identified in the process of filling in the cells are described. Particular attention is paid to entering data in the national language, their transliteration and translation into Russian. The definition of the types of the second names of olonkhosuts is given, the expediency of allocating a separate field for nicknames-pseudonyms reflecting the status and popular recognition of the talent of the narrator is substantiated. A sample database table on olonkhosuts is presented. As a result of the study, the parameters for selecting data for inclusion in the repository were compiled, the need for additional research work to identify the facts of the change of residence of olonkhosuts was determined, and recommendations were proposed for improving the principles of information content of the database.

scholarly journals THE IDEA OF THE POLYFUNCTIONAL ESSENCE OF ART AS A PROBLEM OF MODERN AESTHETICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
G.G. Kolomiets ◽  
◽  
Ya.V. Parusimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Phenomenological Methodology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human World ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Communicative Discourse

The appeal to the problem of polyfunctionality of art is caused by the modern post-postmodern situation in the field of philosophical and cultural knowledge, which raised the problem of understanding the essence of art and its existence. A stochastic state was revealed, an uncertainty in view of the transformations of art itself, following not only the footsteps of the changing world, but also anticipating civilizational shifts, guessing a lot of probabilities and possibilities in the cultural movement of humanity. In this regard, the article rethinks the problem of the polyfunctionality of art and puts forward the idea of the polyfunctionality of art in the problematic field of aesthetics. Art is considered by the authors from the point of view of phenomenology and axiology as an aesthetic way of being in the human world, as a valuable interaction of a person with the world, as a subject of constructing new meanings and meanings by the consciousness when meeting with art. The article asserts the polyfunctional essence of art, which, according to the authors, stems from the variety of interpretations of the concept of «art» in the history of aesthetic thought and modern discourse, due to the multidimensional nature of its manifestations in the human life world. After analyzing various approaches to the understanding of art, and following the phenomenological methodology, as well as the ontological method and axiological approach, the authors came to the conclusion that definitions do not answer the question «what is art?», they rather say «what is art for?». In other words, it is not «what is» that is defined, but «what it means». It is noted that the leading functions recognized in aesthetics, such as aesthetic, communicative, harmonizing, transforming, are predominant at certain stages of culture, but they are separate functions of art that do not exhaust the fullness of the multifunctional essence, the ideological integrity of art in culture. It is pointed out that at the present stage, the features of openness, isolation, and «atomicity» of the communicative discourse are becoming more and more acute, leading to a change in the models of art functions, determining the problematic nature of the aesthetic «super-function» of art in the promotion of civilizational and cultural space. The idea of the polyfunctional essence of art presupposes a specific form of mental development of the polyfunctionality of art, is the principle of explaining the existence of art and includes the process of further searching for the definition of art on the basis of its multi-valued existence in culture.

scholarly journals ETHICAL IDEAS OF HEORHII IVANOVYCH CHELPANOV: TO THE HISTORY OF UNIVERSITY OF ST. VOLODYMYR

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
V. G. Napadysta
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Freedom Of Will ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
History Of University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Responsibility ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article examines the ethical ideas in the creative heritage of H.I. Chelpanov, a Professor at St. Volodymyr University, a well-known scientist at the time, the founder of scientific institutions, who actively promoted the spread and deepening of philosophical culture among students and popularized topical ethical issues in public. Although the scientist paid more attention to psychology, it goes unnoticed that moral issues remain cross-cutting in all his works: articulation on the basis of ethics for other fields of scientific knowledge is obvious. H.I. Chelpanov's research interest was mainly focused on the problem of free will, which seems to be dominant in his ethical interests and the definition of value foundations in the vision of human life. According to the scientist, justifying the free will of man in a causally dependent world is extremely difficult and, at the same time, extremely important for the recognition of the highest values of humanity. In his view of free will, the decisive factor is not its causality but human responsibility for his\her actions. The solution of the free will problem for H.I. Chelpanov was possible only in the sphere of morality. Only from this position could free will be protected with the preservation of the original content. Because the problem of free will is solved for moral purposes, it can be solved regardless of whether the issue of causality is resolved. Freedom of will, therefore, he deduced from the sense of responsibility. H.I. Chelpanov not only justified the existence of free will, but also reflected on the ways to achieve it, because, in his opinion, freedom of will is not an original gift, but emerges as a result of hard work of the individual, which, in turn, opens opportunities to change and improve the personality, if desired. H.I. Chelpanov was an implacable opponent of the great European "pessimists" – A. Schopenhauer and E. Hartmann, defended the groundlessness of fatalistic predictions about the moral development of both the individual and humanity as a whole.

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