O5.3. IMPAIRED LEFT TEMPORAL-PARIETAL JUNCTION FMRI ACTIVITY DURING CATEGORY FLUENCY IN FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS

Background Language impairments are a core feature of schizophrenia. Category fluency is severely impacted, even as early as the first-episode of psychosis (FEP). It remains unclear which brain regions in the early course of schizophrenia are dysfunctional during category fluency. Therefore, we investigated differences in fMRI bold activity during a category fluency task in FEP, with particular attention to left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), areas critical to verbal fluency. Our hypothesis was that left TPJ would show overactivity in FEP due to functional dysconnectivity with IFG, thought to modulate TPJ activation. Methods Twenty-seven FEP and 25 matched healthy controls (HC) completed an overt category fluency task (animal naming) from the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and a covert category fluency task while BOLD fMRI was acquired. The fMRI task had a total of 10 blocks (30s duration) with two alternating conditions: category and rest. At the beginning of the category condition, a category name (birds, breeds of dogs, fruits and vegetables, fish, flowers and trees) was displayed on the screen, and individuals were instructed to think of items within that category. At the beginning of the rest condition, individuals were instructed to silently repeat the word “rest” to themselves. To isolate the activity related to category exemplar generation, the rest condition and the category condition fMRI data were contrasted using SPM12. An uncorrected cluster-defining primary threshold of p<.001 was used at the voxel level, and an FWE correction was used at the cluster level to correct for multiple comparison. Results FEP (47.3±12.1) were significantly less fluent compared to HC (55.8±11.3) in the overt MCCB category fluency task (p =.017). In the fMRI covert fluency task, several regions were activated during the category condition (FWE p<.05), primarily including regions in the language network (IFG and TPJ). The left TPJ activation interacted between groups (pFWE-corr =.016). During the category task, HC deactivated left TPJ, whereas FEP did not. Discussion FEP have impaired overt category fluency performance, and appear to have deficient deactivation in a region of the left TPJ language area during a category fluency task. TPJ is thought to communicate with Wernicke’s area to translate thoughts into words. Temporal language areas are also thought to be deactivated by IFG during verbal fluency tasks. This fMRI finding is consistent with dysconnectivity between IFG and TPJ during verbal fluency, although future work is needed to definitively address this possible network dysfunction.

The Role of the NRC in License Renewals

So far, the licenses of more than 85% of US operating plants have been renewed, authorizing them to continue operations for an additional 20 years past the end of their original, 40-year operating licenses. 10 CFR §54, which governs the NRC’s renewal of plant operating licenses, defines the Current Licensing Basis (CLB), and its role in license renewal applications. The CLB includes, inter alia, compliance with all the regulations in 10 CFR §50, and its appendices, including the design-basis information presented in final safety analysis reports (FSARs). Appendix A of 10 CFR §50 specifies the General Design Criteria (GDCs), and defines the conditions under which they must be satisfied. For example, Appendix A defines anticipated operational occurrences (AOOs) as incidents that may occur during the lifetime of a particular plant. Two standards of the American Nuclear Society (ANS) [1] [2] redefined AOOs as incidents that may occur during the calendar year for a particular plant, and added a class of events that may occur during the lifetime of a particular plant. The ANS standards defined a categorization scheme that puts all the various types of incidents into four categories (i.e., Conditions: I, II, III, and IV), and specifies the GDCs and other criteria that must be met for each of the categories. AOOs, or Condition II events, for example, must not result in any fuel damage. Licensees have committed to abide by the ANS categorization system, and to comply with all of the categories’ acceptance criteria. These commitments are in their Final Safety Analysis Reports (FSARs), which are part of their CLBs. Conditions I, and II define relatively frequently occurring incidents, and require that their consequences to be benign. Condition III events, however, are limited to only a very few incidents during the lifetime of a plant. Their consequences are not benign. (Condition IV is the most severe category. Condition IV events are not expect to occur at all.) Since the frequency of occurrence of Condition III events is defined in terms of plant lifetime, it follows that lengthening the plant lifetime (e.g., from 40 to 60 years) will lead to the occurrence of more Condition III events. These events can result in fuel damage, or worse. The CLB of a renewed license plant, therefore, will have to account for more Condition III events. This paper focuses upon how Condition III events can affect the CLB during an extended plant lifetime. It also discusses the concept of extending plant operating licenses by 20, or 40 years, and its potential impact upon the public health and safety.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To analyze how consumer physical activity monitors are currently used in biomedical research. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Searches were conducted in Ovid Medline, PubMed Medline, clinicaltrials.gov, and NIH RePORTER using search terms including Fitbit, Jawbone, Apple watch, Garmin, Polar, Microsoft band, Misfit, Nike, Withings, and Xiaomi. Results were quantitated by category: condition/topic, intervention, enrollment status, study type and design, age, grant mechanism, and primary outcome. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Fitbit is used >80%. There are 127 clinical studies using Fitbit devices listed in clinicaltrials.gov. In total, 48 have been completed while 79 are ongoing. Some studies have already published their findings; 40 papers cited in Ovid MEDLINE report use of a Fitbit device. NIH is now funding research that uses consumer physical activity monitors, and the NIH RePORTER shows the number of grants using Fitbit is rapidly increasing. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The current state and potential growth of this technology is transforming biomedical research and is enabling us to ask new and more granular questions about activity and sleep in health and disease.

Usulan Perawatan Sistem Boiler dengan Metode Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM)

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) PT Indo Pusaka Berau is a PLN work unit that provides electricity to consumers. The problem of the company is the frequent damage to boiler engine components. The company uses corrective maintenance system. On the problem, it is necessary to develop a machine maintenance system with Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) approach. The objective of the study was to select a boiler system maintenance action based on the RCM method and component replacement interval to minimize Total Minimum Downtime (TMD). Results of data processing RCM method, component in category Condition Directed (CD) is El Bow component. Components in Time Directed category (TD) are gland seal steam and check valve. Components in the Time Directed category are calculated for component replacement intervals on TMD criteria. The calculation result from component replacement interval was obtained 37 days for gland seal steam component and 58 days for check valve component. The proposed treatment of RCM method can reduce downtime by 11.33% of the company's maintenance methods.

Prosodic Phrasing and the That-Trace Effect

We propose here a new PF account of the that-trace effect. Adopting the phase-based theory of the syntax-phonology interface and independent principles of prosodic restructuring, we propose that the complementizer that cannot form a prosodic phrase on its own. We show that this analysis straightforwardly derives the core paradigm surrounding the that-trace effect and its well-documented exceptions triggered by focus, adverbs, parentheticals, resumption, and right node raising. We further argue that the relevant prosodic condition can be derived from the interaction of the Lexical Category Condition ( Truckenbrodt 1999 ) with Prosodic Vacuity ( Kandybowicz 2015 ), within the Match Theory of syntax-prosody correspondence ( Selkirk 2011 ).

Semantic Category Interference in Overt Picture Naming: Sharpening Current Density Localization by PCA

The study investigated the neuronal basis of the retrieval of words from the mental lexicon. The semantic category interference effect was used to locate lexical retrieval processes in time and space. This effect reflects the finding that, for overt naming, volunteers are slower when naming pictures out of a sequence of items from the same semantic category than from different categories. Participants named pictures blockwise either in the context of same-or mixed-category items while the brain response was registered using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Fifteen out of 20 participants showed longer response latencies in the same-category compared to the mixed-category condition. Event-related MEG signals for the participants demonstrating the interference effect were submitted to a current source density (CSD) analysis. As a new approach, a principal component analysis was applied to decompose the grand average CSD distribution into spatial subcomponents (factors). The spatial factor indicating left temporal activity revealed significantly different activation for the same-category compared to the mixed-category condition in the time window between 150 and 225 msec post picture onset. These findings indicate a major involvement of the left temporal cortex in the semantic interference effect. As this effect has been shown to take place at the level of lexical selection, the data suggest that the left temporal cortex supports processes of lexical retrieval during production.