Bacterial contamination of chicken food egg with automated and manual sorting and packaging

Chicken eggs are a staple food for humans and are consumed all over the world. Chicken eggs have a leading position among food products in terms of nutritional value and taste. During storage, under the influence of air oxygen and microorganisms, eggs deteriorate, contamination of opportunistic and pathogenic microflora increases. Purpose: analysis of the results of bacteriological studies of eggs of various producers during automatic and manual sorting and packaging from the trading network in Sumy and the Sumy region in accordance with DSTU 5028:2008 “Edible hen eggs. Specifications” and Microbiological Criteria for Establishing Food Safety Indicators. Materials and methods. Bacteriological studies of shell washings and egg contents were carried out according to standard methods. Samples of edible chicken eggs with automatic and manual sorting and packaging corresponded to DSTU 5028:2008, Microbiological criteria for establishing food safety indicators and BIE No. 5061-89. Pathogenic and opportunistic pathogens of bacterial diseases were not isolated from the surface of eggs of the control group during automated sorting and packing, spore bacteria of the genus Bacillus (Bacillus subtilis) were isolated. In washes from the egg shell surface with manual sorting and packaging, Streptococcus spp was found – 12 % of the number of samples examined, E. faecalis – 34 %, P. aeruginosa – 11 %, and spore bacteria of the genus Bacillus (B. subtilis) – 43 %. The number of QMA&OAMO and CGB (coli-forms) in both groups corresponded to the established norms, but the QMA&OAMO indicator in the products of enterprises with manual collection and packaging was 34 % higher compared to eggs from enterprises with automated sorting and packaging. Automation of the process of sorting and packing eggs provides the best microbiological indicators of the safety of edible hen eggs in comparison with those when using manual labor during sorting and packing. A complete transition to the automation of production processes for the production of edible eggs in Ukraine is required.

The Strategy of guava agribusiness development in Kendal Regency using a business model canvas

Kendal is the area in Central Java with the most red guava fruit production, according to the Central Bureau of Statistics Republic of Indonesia. The production of red guava in Kendal Regency increased from 97,050 to 222,548 quintals between 2014 and 2016. In 2017, output fell to 137,671 quintals; however, in 2018, production rose to 159,079 quintals, still falling short of the previous year's total. This study used a business model canvas (BMC) methodology and SWOT analysis to map the existing red guava agribusiness business model and create a development plan for it. The interpretation of the SWOT diagram shows that guava farmers in four districts of Kendal Regency are in quadrant I, which indicates that they are in growth conditions with good opportunities and strengths to support the expansion of a red guava business. BMC demonstrates the need for additional consumer segments in order to reduce wholesaler dependence with several strategies. 1) Expansion of the trading network (2) Increasing key resources, (3) Adding key activity, such as regulating the harvest period for red guava and post-harvest processing. (4) Value proposition, by improving the quality of red guava

Stability Analysis of the World Energy Trade Structure by Multiscale Embedding

This study investigates the dynamic trading network structure of the international crude oil and gas market from year 2012 to 2017. We employed the dynamical similarity analysis at different time scales by inducing a multiscale embedding for dimensionality reduction. This analysis quantifies the effect of a global event on the dependencies and correlation stability at both the country and world level, which covers the top 53 countries. The response of China’s trading structure toward events after the unexpected 2014 price drop is compared with other major traders. China, as the world’s largest importing country, lacks strong stability under global events and could be greatly affected by a supply shortage, especially in the gas market. The trend of multi-polarization on the market share gives a chance for China to construct closer relationships with more stable exporters and join in the trade loop of major countries to improve its position in the energy trading networks. The hidden features of trade correlation may provide a deeper understanding of the robustness of relationship and risk resistance.

The Expansion of Penang under the East India Company

This study highlights that the British had long experiences in the Malay Peninsula before Francis Light’s acquisition and development of Penang, due to the central role of Malayan ports such as Kedah, Takuapa, Langkasuka, Terengganu, Palembang, Siak, and Malacca in global trade between China and India. Under the influence of Islam, Malacca (and, to a lesser extent, Kedah) became a Muslim Sultanate and reached its peak in this trading network, which attracted European traders (and subsequent colonialism), initially from Portugal and Spain, and later France, the Netherlands, and Britain. After the East India Company attained hegemony in India, it was strongly placed to extend its power from its presidencies in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras. The EIC’s main focus was Bengal, where the Company founded the Fort William College as its headquarters in Calcutta. As trade with China became more important, the Malay Peninsula commensurately became a more attractive destination for investment due to its closer proximity to the Chinese sea lanes, and closer access to the Indo-Malay hinterlands and their products. In 1784, the EIC sent Kinloch to Aceh but he was unsuccessful in negotiating to establish a factory there. Nevertheless, they succeeded in establishing a foothold in Malaya with Francis Light’s embassy to Riau, Kedah, and Penang. Kedah also became prosperous under the Muslim Sultanates. Many Chinese and Indian merchants were settled there, benefitting from the trade in jungle products like camphor, betelnut, bird nests, situated near the Kedah River, was identified as a strategic location. Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Abidin Muazzam Shah II of Kedah (r. 1710-1778) at that time was facing many internal as well as external conflicts. His son Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah (r. 1778-1797) also suffered the same fate. As a result of internal crisis and dynastic intrigues, he agreed to lease Penang to the EIC in exchange for military assistance in 1785. In July 1786, Francis Light sailed from Calcutta and reached Penang in August, and thus Penang became an EIC stronghold.

Grain bread: nutritional value, quality assessment and assortment

Grain bread has a high nutritional and biological value, is rich in vitamins of B and E groups, phosphorus, chlorine, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, manganese, as well as an essential amino acid — leucine. Compared to regular bread, cereal bread contains more fiber. Grain bread is popular not only in Russia, but also in other countries such as France, Sweden, Germany and the USA. The analysis of the assortment of grain bread in the “VkusVill” trading network has been carried out, since this network specializes in the sale of products for proper, healthy nutrition. 5 commodity items of the assortment of grain bread of the own brand “VkusVill” were considered. Their composition, nutritional value, as well as the price range were studied. When carrying out an organoleptic assessment of bread samples, 3 samples were selected: borodinsky dark rye bread “Khlebny Dom” as a control sample, and two grain breads of the brands “VkusVill” and “Fazer”. As a result of the organoleptic assessment, it was found that all bread samples meet the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for organoleptic properties, as well as the requirements for food labeling.