Emergencies in HIV-positive patients

Emergency presentations of HIV infection 480 Factors influencing presentation in HIV disease 482 HIV testing 484 Clinical indicator diseases for adult HIV infection 486 Primary HIV infection (PHI) 487 Acute neurological conditions in HIV-positive patients: assessment 488 Acute neurological conditions in HIV-positive patients: investigations 490...

Endocrine emergencies

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): assessment 516 DKA: management 1 518 DKA: management 2 520 DKA: complications 522 Hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma (HONK) 1 524 HONK 2 526 Hypoglycaemic coma: assessment 528 Hypoglycaemic coma: management 530 Urgent surgery in patients with diabetes 532 Hyponatraemia: assessment 534 Hyponatraemia: causes ...

Infectious diseases

Fever in a traveller 1 446 Fever in a traveller 2 448 Malaria: assessment 450 Malaria: investigations 452 Malaria: management 453 Malaria: anti-malarial therapy 454 Infections presenting with fever and rash 456 Primary varicella infection (chickenpox) 458 Herpes zoster (shingles) 460 aVricella infection control 461...

Cardiac emergencies

Adult basic life support 4 Adult advanced life support 6 Universal treatment algorithm 8 Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) 10 ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 12 STEMI: diagnosis 1 14 STEMI: diagnosis 2 16 STEMI: general measures 18 STEMI: reperfusion therapy (thrombolysis) 1 20 STEMI: thrombolysis 2 ...

Differential diagnosis of common presentations

Introduction 814 Systemic enquiry 815 Abdominal pain 1 816 Abdominal pain 2 818 Abdominal pain (referred) 819 Abdominal distension 819 Back pain 820 Blackouts 820 Breathlessness/dyspnoea 821 Chest pain 822 Chest pain (pleuritic) 822 Collapse 822 Confusion 823 Constipation 823 Cough 823 Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancy ...

Rheumatological emergencies

Acute monoarthritis: presentation 622 Acute monoarthritis: investigations 624 Septic arthritis 625 Crystal arthropathy 626 Polyarthritis 628 Rheumatoid arthritis 630 Seronegative arthritides (spondyloarthropathies) 631 Reactive arthritis 632 Ankylosing spondylitis 632 Enteropathic arthritis 633 Infections 633 Vasculitis 634 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 636 Wegener’s granulomatosis and microscopic polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) 1 ...

Practical procedures

Arterial blood sampling 736 Arterial line insertion 1 738 Arterial line insertion 2 740 Central line insertion 742 Internal jugular vein cannulation 744 Subclavian vein cannulation 746 Ultrasound (US)-guided central venous catheterization 1 748 US-guided central venous catheterization 2 750 Pulmonary artery catheterization 1 752...

Psychiatric emergencies

Acute confusion: assessment 670 Acute confusion: management 672 Acute alcohol withdrawal 674 Dealing with violent patients 676 Deliberate self-harm 678 The Mental Health Act and common law 680 Treating patients against their will 682 The law on consent and capacity 683 Patients who do not wish to stay in hospital ...

Dermatological emergencies

Cutaneous drug reactions 654 Erythroderma 656 Urticaria 658 Autoimmune bullous disease 660 Eczema herpeticum 662 Herpes zoster 662 Generalized pustular psoriasis 664 Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) 1 666 TEN 2 668 • Maculopapular erythema ± pruritus and scaling. Resolves over 2 weeks when drug is stopped. 46% of cutaneous drug reactions....

Neurological emergencies

Coma: assessment 332 Coma: immediate management 334 Coma: clues from examination 336 Coma: management 338 Limb weakness: assessment 340 Limb weakness: localizing the lesion 342 Acute dizziness: assessment 344 Acute dizziness: management 346 Acute loss of vision 348 Approach to acute/sub-acute visual loss 350 Painful red eye: assessment ...