Association of General Anesthesia vs Procedural Sedation With Functional Outcome Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Thrombectomy

Objective The effect of anesthetic management (general anesthesia [GA], conscious sedation, or local anesthesia) on functional outcome and the role of blood pressure management during endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke is under debate. We aimed to determine whether hypotension during EVT under GA is associated with functional outcome at 90 days. Methods We retrospectively collected data from patients with a proximal intracranial occlusion of the anterior circulation treated with EVT under GA. The primary outcome was the distribution on the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. Hypotension was defined using two thresholds: a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 70 mm Hg and a MAP 30% below baseline MAP. To quantify the extent and duration of hypotension, the area under the threshold (AUT) was calculated using both thresholds. Results Of the 366 patients included, procedural hypotension was observed in approximately half of them. The occurrence of hypotension was associated with poor functional outcome (MAP <70 mm Hg: adjusted common odds ratio [acOR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35–0.94; MAP decrease ≥30%: acOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.48–1.21). In addition, an association was found between the number of hypotensive periods and poor functional outcome (MAP <70 mm Hg: acOR, 0.85 per period increase; 95% CI, 0.73–0.99; MAP decrease ≥30%: acOR, 0.90 per period; 95% CI, 0.78–1.04). No association existed between AUT and functional outcome (MAP <70 mm Hg: acOR, 1.000 per 10 mm Hg*min increase; 95% CI, 0.998–1.001; MAP decrease ≥30%: acOR, 1.000 per 10 mm Hg*min; 95% CI, 0.999–1.000). Conclusions Occurrence of procedural hypotension and an increase in number of procedural hypotensive periods were associated with poor functional outcome, whereas the extent and duration of hypotension were not. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm our hypothesis that hypotension during EVT under GA has detrimental effects.

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Association of local anesthesia versus conscious sedation with functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing embolectomy

Interventional Neuroradiology ◽

10.1177/1591019920923831 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 396-404

Author(s):

Joseph T Marion ◽

Seyed Mohammad Seyedsaadat ◽

Jeffery J Pasternak ◽

Alejandro A Rabinstein ◽

David F Kallmes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Scale Score ◽

Local Anesthesia ◽

Conscious Sedation ◽

Modified Rankin Scale ◽

Hemodynamic Parameters ◽

Stroke Patients

Purpose Compare functional outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing embolectomy with either local anesthesia or conscious sedation. Secondarily, identify differences in hemodynamic parameters and complication rates between groups. Materials and methods Single institution, retrospective review of all acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing embolectomy between January 2014 and July 2018 ( n = 185). Patients receiving general anesthesia ( n = 27) were excluded. One-hundred and eleven of 158 (70.3%) composed the local anesthesia group, and 47 (29.7%) composed the conscious sedation group. Median age was 71 years (interquartile range 59–79). Seventy-eight (49.4%) were male. The median National Institute of Health stroke scale score was 17.5 (interquartile range 11–21). Hemodynamic, medication, complication, and functional outcome data were collected from the anesthesia protocol and medical records. Good functional outcome was defined as a three-month modified Rankin Scale < 2. A multivariate analysis was performed to estimate the association of anesthesia type on three-month modified Rankin Scale score. Results Three-month modified Rankin Scale score <2 was similar between groups ( p = 0.5). Patients receiving conscious sedation were on average younger than patients receiving local anesthesia ( p = 0.01). Conscious sedation patients were more likely to receive intravenous thrombolytic prior to embolectomy ( p = 0.025). The complication rate and hemodynamic parameters were similar between groups. Conclusion Functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing embolectomy appears to be similar for patients receiving local anesthesia and conscious sedation. This similarity may be beneficial to a future study comparing general anesthesia to local anesthesia and conscious sedation. The use of local anesthesia or conscious sedation does not significantly impact hemodynamic status.

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Abstract W P18: General Anesthesia is Associated With Reduced Likelihood of Good Functional Outcome After Endovascular Intervention for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.45.suppl_1.wp18 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Michael Mlynash ◽

Jeremy D Fields ◽

Matus Straka ◽

Roland Bammer ◽

Stephanie Kemp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Antiplatelet Agents ◽

Endovascular Intervention ◽

Lesion Volume ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Good Functional Outcome

Background: Retrospective studies have suggested that the use of general anesthesia (GA) is associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular intervention for acute ischemic strokes. We aimed to assess this association in DEFUSE 2, a prospective cohort study of patients treated with endovascular therapy. Methods: In the DEFUSE 2 study, MRI was performed before, within 12 hours after, and 5 days after endovascular intervention. Good functional outcome was defined as mRS 0-2 at 90 days. All patients who underwent catheter angiography were included in the present analysis. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients managed with general anesthesia (GA) vs. conscious sedation (CS). Variables that were associated with good functional outcome in univariate analyses (α<0.1) were entered into a multivariable analysis. Variables that were significant at α<0.05 after a backward elimination procedure were retained. Results: GA was utilized in 39/110 patients (35%) and CS in the remainder. Compared to the group managed with CS, those undergoing GA were older (70±13 vs. 63±17 years old), had higher SBP (156±29 vs. 144±21 mmHg), higher blood glucose levels (149±64 vs. 126±35 mg/dL), and higher NIHSS (median [IQR]: 18 [14-21] vs. 14 [9-19]). The GA group was more likely to have had a previous stroke or TIA (36% vs. 17%) and prior treatment with antiplatelet agents (46% vs. 26%). Rates of reperfusion were similar (49% vs. 65%, p=0.15) between patients managed with GA and CS. Patients managed with GA had a substantially lower rate of good functional outcome (21% vs. 55%, p=0.001). Age, DWI lesion volume, reperfusion status and GA were retained in the multivariable model as independent predictors of good functional outcome. The adjusted odds ratio for good functional outcome with GA was 0.21 (95% CI 0.07 - 0.66). Conclusion: In general, GA should be avoided in patients undergoing endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke as it is associated with worse clinical outcomes. The mechanisms underlying this association should be investigated.

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Outcome of endovascular treatment within and beyond 6 h without perfusion software

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84857-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhen Jing ◽

Hao Li ◽

Shengming Huang ◽

Min Guan ◽

Yongxin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Endovascular Treatment ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Symptom Onset ◽

Anterior Circulation ◽

Vessel Occlusion ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

AbstractEndovascular treatment (EVT) has been accepted as the standard of care for patients with acute ischemic stroke. The aim of the present study was to compare clinical outcomes of patients who received EVT within and beyond 6 h from symptom onset to groin puncture without perfusion software in Guangdong district, China. Between March 2017 and May 2018, acute ischemic stroke patients who received EVT from 6 comprehensive stroke centers, were enrolled into the registry study. In this subgroup study, we included all patients who had acute proximal large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. The demographic, clinical and neuroimaging data were collected from each center. A total of 192 patients were included in this subgroup study. They were divided into two groups: group A (n = 125), within 6 h; group B (n = 67), 6–24 h from symptom onset to groin puncture. There were no substantial differences between these two groups in terms of 90 days favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale [mRS] ≤ 2, P = 0.051) and mortality (P = 0.083), and the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage at 24 h (P = 0.425). The NIHSS (median 16, IQR12-20, group A; median 12, IQR8-18, group B; P = 0.009) and ASPECTS (median 10, IQR8-10, group A; median 9, IQR8-10, group B; P = 0.034) at baseline were higher in group A. The anesthesia method (general anesthesia, 21.3%, group A vs. 1.5% group B, P = 0.001) were also statistically different between the two groups. The NIHSS and ASPECTS were higher, and general anesthesia was also more widely used in group A. Clinical outcomes were not significantly different within 6 h versus 6–24 h from symptom onset to groin puncture in this real world study.

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Study of Short Latency Somatosensory and Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Involving Middle Cerebral Artery Territory

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1727558 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abhishek Miryala ◽

Mahendra Javali ◽

Anish Mehta ◽

Pradeep R. ◽

Purushottam Acharya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Evoked Potentials ◽

Middle Cerebral Artery ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Brain Stem ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Cerebral Artery ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽

Positive Correlation

Abstract Background The precise timings of evoked potentials in evaluating the functional outcome of stroke have remained indistinct. Few studies in the Indian context have studied the outcome of early prognosis of stroke utilizing evoked potentials. Objective The aim of this study was to determine somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), their timing and abnormalities in acute ischemic stroke involving the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory and to correlate SSEP and BAEP with the functional outcome (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin scale (mRS) and Barthel’s index) at 3 months. Methods MCA territory involved acute ischemic stroke patients (n = 30) presenting consecutively to the hospital within 3 days of symptoms onset were included. Details about clinical symptoms, neurological examination, treatment, NIHSS score, mRS scores were collected at the time of admission. All patients underwent imaging of the brain and were subjected to SSEP and BAEP on two occasions, first at 1 to 3 days and second at 4 to 7 days from the onset of stroke. At 3 months of follow-up, NIHSS, mRS, and Barthel’s index were recorded. Results P37 and N20 amplitude had a strong negative correlation (at 1–3 and 4–7 days) with NIHSS at admission, NIHSS at 3 months, mRS at admission, and mRS at 3 months and a significant positive correlation with Barthel’s index (p < 0.0001). BAEP wave V had a negative correlation (at 1–3 and 4–7 days) with NIHSS at admission, NIHSS at 3 months, mRS at admission, and mRS at 3 months and a positive correlation with Barthel’s index (p < 0.0001). Conclusion SSEP abnormalities recorded on days 4 to 7 from onset of stroke are more significant than those recorded within 1 to 3 days of onset of stroke; hence, the timing of 4 to 7 days after stroke onset can be considered as better for predicting functional outcome.

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Eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio is a potential biomarker in the prediction of functional outcome among patients with acute ischemic stroke

BMC Neuroscience ◽

10.1186/s12868-021-00610-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shuhong Yu ◽

Yi Luo ◽

Tan Zhang ◽

Chenrong Huang ◽

Yu Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Poor Outcome ◽

Net Reclassification Improvement ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Integrated Discrimination Improvement

Abstract Background It has been shown that eosinophils are decreased and monocytes are elevated in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but the impact of eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio (EMR) on clinical outcomes among AIS patients remains unclear. We aimed to determine the relationship between EMR on admission and 3-month poor functional outcome in AIS patients. Methods A total of 521 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital within 24 h after onset of AIS were prospectively enrolled and categorized in terms of quartiles of EMR on admission between August 2016 and September 2018. The endpoint was the poor outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 3 to 6 at month 3 after admission. Results As EMR decreased, the risk of poor outcome increased (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that EMR was independently associated with poor outcome after adjusting potential confounders (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% CI 0.03–0.34; p = 0.0003), which is consistent with the result of EMR (quartile) as a categorical variable (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% CI 0.10–0.52; ptrend < 0.0001). A non-linear relationship was detected between EMR and poor outcome, whose point was 0.28. Subgroup analyses further confirmed these associations. The addition of EMR to conventional risk factors improved the predictive power for poor outcome (net reclassification improvement: 2.61%, p = 0.382; integrated discrimination improvement: 2.41%, p < 0.001). Conclusions EMR on admission was independently correlated with poor outcome in AIS patients, suggesting that EMR may be a potential prognostic biomarker for AIS.

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Neopterin as a Predictor of Functional Outcome and Mortality in Chinese Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Molecular Neurobiology ◽

10.1007/s12035-015-9310-3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 3939-3947 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xianwei Zeng ◽

Guoqing Zhang ◽

Bin Yang ◽

Bo Zhang ◽

Linpeng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Chinese Patients

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Pre-Stroke Cholinesterase Inhibitor Treatment Is Beneficially Associated with Functional Outcome in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Pre-Stroke Dementia: The Fukuoka Stroke Registry

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

10.1159/000514368 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Yoshinobu Wakisaka ◽

Ryu Matsuo ◽

Kuniyuki Nakamura ◽

Tetsuro Ago ◽

Masahiro Kamouchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Neurological Deterioration ◽

Stroke Outcome ◽

Matched Cohort ◽

Poor Functional Outcome ◽

Stroke Registry ◽

Chei Treatment

Introduction: Pre-stroke dementia is significantly associated with poor stroke outcome. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) might reduce the risk of stroke in patients with dementia. However, the association between pre-stroke ChEI treatment and stroke outcome remains unresolved. Therefore, we aimed to determine this association in patients with acute ischemic stroke and pre-stroke dementia. Methods: We enrolled 805 patients with pre-stroke dementia among 13,167 with ischemic stroke within 7 days of onset who were registered in the Fukuoka Stroke Registry between June 2007 and May 2019 and were independent in basic activities of daily living (ADLs) before admission. Primary and secondary study outcomes were poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score: 3–6) at 3 months after stroke onset and neurological deterioration (≥2-point increase in the NIH Stroke Scale [NIHSS] during hospitalization), respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between pre-stroke ChEI treatment and study outcomes. To improve covariate imbalance, we further conducted a propensity score (PS)-matched cohort study. Results: Among the participants, 212 (26.3%) had pre-stroke ChEI treatment. Treatment was negatively associated with poor functional outcome (odds ratio: 0.68 [95% confidence interval: 0.46–0.99]) and neurological deterioration (0.52 [0.31–0.88]) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. In the PS-matched cohort study, the same trends were observed between pre-stroke ChEI treatment and poor functional outcome (0.61 [0.40–0.92]) and between the treatment and neurological deterioration (0.47 [0.25–0.86]). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that pre-stroke ChEI treatment is associated with reduced risks for poor functional outcome and neurological deterioration after acute ischemic stroke in patients with pre-stroke dementia who are independent in basic ADLs before the onset of stroke.

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