Composites of Polyolefins and Some Polyolefin/Polyamide Blends as Matrices and Calcium Carbonate, Wood Flour, Sisal Fiber, Hydroxyapatite, and Montmorillonite as Fillers

2008 ◽  
pp. 87-128
Author(s):  
Carmen Albano ◽  
Rosestela Perera
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Sisal Fiber

scholarly journals Hybrid Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Containing Wood Flour for Paper Applications – A Comparative Handsheet Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Klaus Dölle ◽  
Kilian F. Baumgartner ◽  
Neil F. Goodman ◽  
Alexander Klitsiotisoris
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Carbonate Mineral ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
Ground Calcium Carbonate

The main objective of this paper handsheet study is to investigate if a hybrid filler material containing wood flour and precipitated calcium carbonate can replace and/or supplement commercially available ground calcium carbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate mineral filler material for papermaking. The handsheet study contains 25 different furnish mixtures. Four different types of wood flour were used to manufacture the hybrid filler material, including two wood flour blends with a strengthening agent. All handsheet were manufactured with an 80% harwood and 20% softwood mix. The filler content varied between 10, 15 and 20%. The study showed that the hybrid filler material achieved a retention of up to 92.68% as well as a higher caliper of up to 208 μm compared to commercial ground and precipitated calcium carbonate of 120.4 μm and 145.6 μm respectively. Tensile and tear strength did not show an improvement. Elongation and tensile energy absorption did improve of up to 30% with the strength additive containing hybrid filler material. Opacity was improved of up to 10% with the hybrid filler material. Brightness and color values were lower due to the natural brow color of the wood flower material.

Composite Fiber Based on Sisal Fiber and Calcium Carbonate

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto C. Dante ◽  
F. M. Sánchez-Arévalo ◽  
L. Huerta ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos ◽  
Luis M. Navas-Gracia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Composite Fiber ◽  
Sisal Fiber

Influence of Filler Types on Mechanical Properties and Cure Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wittawat Wongsorat ◽  
Nitinat Suppakarn ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Cure Time

Natural rubber (NR) was reinforced with three types of filler: carbon black, calcium carbonate, and sisal fiber. NR composites were prepared on a two-roll mill. Filler content was 20 phr. Mechanical properties and cure characteristics of NR composites were studied. All NR composites had higher maximum torque than NR. NR filled with carbon black showed the highest maximum torque. However, scorch time and cure time of the NR composites were not much affected by filler types. In addition, influence of fiber treatment (alkalization) on mechanical properties and cure characteristics of sisal fiber-NR composites was investigated. Alkali treated sisal fiber-NR composite exhibited higher tensile properties and hardness than untreated sisal fiber- NR composite due to improved adhesion between the fiber and NR matrix. Moreover, alkali treated sisal fiber-NR composite had superior specific modulus and strength than NR composites filled with carbon black and calcium carbonate.

Effects of filler treatments on the mechanical and morphological behavior of PP+wood flour and PP+sisal fiber

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 284-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Albano ◽  
Miren Ichazo ◽  
Jeanette González ◽  
María Delgado ◽  
Rebeca Poleo
Keyword(s):  
Wood Flour ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Morphological Behavior

scholarly journals Utilization of Calcium Carbonate-Coated Wood Flour in Printing Paper and Their Conservational Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1867
Author(s):  
Yung Seo ◽  
Dong Kang ◽  
Jung Han
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Printing Paper

Wood flours (WFs) are bulky lignocellulosic materials that can increase the bulk and stiffness of paper. To be used in printing paper for replacing chemical pulp, WFs were first fractionated by a 200-mesh screen to improve smoothness; second, they were coated with calcium carbonate by an in-situ CaCO3 formation method (coated wood flours, CWFs) to improve brightness. The performance of CWFs for printing paper was compared to those of bleached wood flours (BWFs) and bleached chemical pulp. Equivalent brightness and much higher smoothness were obtained for the CWFs compared to the BWFs. Furthermore, BWFs caused a significant loss of yield and required wastewater treatment in the bleaching process, while the CWFs increased the yield greatly by attaching CaCO3 to the wood flours, and caused no wastewater burden. An accelerated aging test showed that the CWFs caused lesser brightness and strength loss than the bleached chemical pulp and BWFs. CWFs still had room for improvement to replace chemical pulp, but showed slower aging in optical and close strength properties.

scholarly journals Biodegradation in Soil of the PHB/Wood Flour (80/20) and PHB/Sisal Fiber (80/20) Tubes

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan Aline Casarin ◽  
Cássia Priscila Rodrigues ◽  
Osvaldo Francisco de Souza Júnior ◽  
Francisco Rosário ◽  
José Augusto Marcondes Agnelli
Keyword(s):  
Wood Flour ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Biodegradation In Soil

A TEM study of the microstructure of avian eggshells

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1102-1103
Author(s):  
S. Q. Xiao ◽  
S. Baden ◽  
A. H. Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Shell Surface ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Polycrystalline Metals ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nucleation And Growth Mechanisms

The avian eggshell is one of the most rapidly mineralizing biological systems known. In situ, 5g of calcium carbonate are crystallized in less than 20 hrs to fabricate the shell. Although there have been much work about the formation of eggshells, controversy about the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the calcite crystals, and their texture in the eggshell, still remain unclear. In this report the microstructure and microchemistry of avian eggshells have been analyzed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).Fresh white and dry brown eggshells were broken and fixed in Karnosky's fixative (kaltitanden) for 2 hrs, then rinsed in distilled H2O. Small speckles of the eggshells were embedded in Spurr medium and thin sections were made ultramicrotome.The crystalline part of eggshells are composed of many small plate-like calcite grains, whose plate normals are approximately parallel to the shell surface. The sizes of the grains are about 0.3×0.3×1 μm3 (Fig.l). These grains are not as closely packed as man-made polycrystalline metals and ceramics, and small gaps between adjacent grains are visible indicating the absence of conventional grain boundaries.

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