scholarly journals Black Carbon and Thermally Altered (Pyrogenic) Organic Matter: Chemical Characteristics and the Role in the Environment

2009 ◽  
pp. 273-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Knicker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Pyrogenic Organic Matter

Inferred bioavailability of pyrogenic organic matter in comparison to natural organic matter from global sediments and surface waters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Graham ◽  
Hyun-Seob Song ◽  
Samantha Grieger ◽  
Vanessa Garayburu-Caruso ◽  
James Stegen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Pyrogenic Organic Matter

<p>Wildfires are increasing in frequency, severity, and area burned in response to pervasive hotter and drier conditions, creating a multitude of negative consequences for aquatic ecosystems. Pyrogenic materials generated by wildfires are transported across terrestrial landscapes into inland waters, where approximately 10% of organic matter pools is comprised of black carbon. While recent work suggests pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) is more bioavailable than indicated by traditional paradigms, the heterogeneity of PyOM pools generated through various feedstocks and combustion scenarios complicates our efforts to understand its bioavailability. Here, we use a mathematical model to predict the energy content, metabolic efficiency, and rate of aerobic decomposition of representative PyOM compounds. We compare these metrics to model outputs derived from measured natural organic matter in global surface waters and sediments to assess differences in bioavailability. We find that PyOM generally has a similar range of bioavailabilities to that of natural systems. However, phenols and black carbon (defined as highly condensed molecules with high solubility) have lower metabolic efficiency than most representative PyOM classes and natural organic matter pools, denoted by higher lambda and lower carbon use efficiency. Rates of aerobic metabolism of phenols and black carbon are also less negatively impacted by oxygen limitation than any other group. Overall, our work suggests that PyOM may be more bioavailable than previously thought and could be an unrecognized contributor to global C emissions as the prevalence of wildfires increases.</p>

scholarly journals Relationships between dissolved black carbon and dissolved organic matter in streams

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 129824
Author(s):  
Youhei Yamashita ◽  
Daiki Kojima ◽  
Natsumi Yoshida ◽  
Hideaki Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Black Carbon

Transformation and stabilization of pyrogenic organic matter in a temperate forest field experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1629-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimisha Singh ◽  
Samuel Abiven ◽  
Bernardo Maestrini ◽  
Jeffrey A. Bird ◽  
Margaret S. Torn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Pyrogenic Organic Matter

A Study of the Chemical and Physical Characteristics of the Soils from the South of Piauí for Soil-Cement Brick Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Pereira de Araújo ◽  
Edson Cavalcanti Silva Filho ◽  
João Sammy Nery de Souza ◽  
Josy Anteveli Osajima ◽  
Marcelo Barbosa Furtini
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
The South ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Made In

Soil-cement bricks are good examples of environmentally friendly products. This brick is the combination of soil with compacted cement with no combustion in its production. In this work the physical chemical characteristics of the soil from Piaui for producing this material were investigated. Samples of the soil were collected in three potteries from the county of Bom Jesus and pH analysis were carried out, as well as the rate of organic matter, texture, particle density, limits of liquidity and plasticity rates. The results have shown that the soils have acid tones (pH 5,49 a 6,11), which can be neutralized by adding cement, and organic matter percentages up to 1%. The samples have shown predominantly clay-rich textures with adequate plasticity limits, however, values of liquidity limits and particle density above recommended. Altogether, these soils tend to present viability concerning soil-cement brick production, provided that corrections with additives are made in order to minimize this effect.

Influence of Environmental Factors on Pesticide Adsorption by Black Carbon: pH and Model Dissolved Organic Matter

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (13) ◽  
pp. 4973-4978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuping Qiu ◽  
Xiaoyu Xiao ◽  
Haiyan Cheng ◽  
Zunlong Zhou ◽  
G. Daniel Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Pesticide Adsorption

scholarly journals Pyrogenic organic matter from palaeo-fires during the Holocene: A case study in a sequence of buried soils at the Central Ebro Basin (NE Spain)

2019 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 558-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia María Armas-Herrera ◽  
Fernando Pérez-Lambán ◽  
David Badía-Villas ◽  
José Luis Peña-Monné ◽  
José Antonio González-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Buried Soils ◽  
Ebro Basin ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Pyrogenic Organic Matter ◽  
Ne Spain

scholarly journals CO2-C losses and carbon quality of selected Maritime Antarctic soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vanir De Souza Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo De Sá Mendonça ◽  
Newton La Scala ◽  
César Reis ◽  
Efrain Lázaro Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Humification Degree

AbstractPolar Regions are the most important soil carbon reservoirs on Earth. Monitoring soil carbon storage in a changing global climate context may indicate possible effects of climate change on terrestrial environments. In this regard, we need to understand the dynamics of soil organic matter in relation to its chemical characteristics. We evaluated the influence of chemical characteristics of humic substances on the process of soil organic matter mineralization in selected Maritime Antarctic soils. A laboratory assay was carried out with soils from five locations from King George Island. We determined the contents of total organic carbon, oxidizable carbon fractions of soil organic matter, and humic substances. Two in situ field experiments were carried out during two summers, in order to evaluate the CO2-C emissions in relation to soil temperature variations. The overall low amounts of soil organic matter in Maritime Antarctic soils have a low humification degree and reduced microbial activity. CO2-C emissions showed significant exponential relationship with temperature, suggesting a sharp increase in CO2-C emissions with a warming scenario, and Q10 values (the percentage increase in emission for a 10°C increase in soil temperature) were higher than values reported from elsewhere. The sensitivity of the CO2-C emission in relation to temperature was significantly correlated with the humification degree of soil organic matter and microbial activity for Antarctic soils.

Priming mechanisms with additions of pyrogenic organic matter to soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silene DeCiucies ◽  
Thea Whitman ◽  
Dominic Woolf ◽  
Akio Enders ◽  
Johannes Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pyrogenic Organic Matter

scholarly journals Compositional and chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in various types of cropped and natural Chinese soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songyan Li ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Guoxi Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Sun ◽  
Beidou Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Natural Soils ◽  
Red Soils ◽  
Chernozem Soils

Abstract Background Exploration of composition and chemical characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) is significant to understand its biogeochemical role in terrestrial ecosystems. A total of 43 cropped and 16 natural soils (0–20 cm) under four soil types (cinnamon, chernozem, red and paddy soils) across China were collected to investigate the spectral characteristics of DOM using UV–Vis and 3D-EEM spectroscopy. Results The chernozem soils exhibited the highest aromaticity and humification degree among the four soil types. Ranges of biological index (BIX, 0.53–1.17) and fluorescence index (FI, 1.55–2.10) were found in the investigated DOM, showing joint contribution from allochthonous and autochthonous sources. Higher BIX and FI in the DOM of the paddy and red soils indicated a greater reliance on autochthonous sources for these two soil types. The cropped soils showed no significant differences in chemical characteristics and sources from the natural soils for the cinnamon, chernozem and red soils. UVA (16.2–47.9%) and UVC fulvic-like substances (15.4–40.5%) were the prevailing DOM components, which were highest in the chernozem soils. Additionally, the cropped soils had a higher proportion of humic-like substances than the natural soils in the DOM. Conclusions Both soil type and land-use strongly affected the chemical characteristics of soil DOM, but only soil type had an impact on the DOM composition for the collected soils. These findings may contribute to the prediction of the biochemical behavior of soil DOM under different soil types and land-uses in terrestrial ecosystems.

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